摘要
以苎麻属植物种子为材料,分别应用光镜和扫描电镜及GC-MS联用仪,对其微结构、出油率、油脂肪酸组成与含量、油脂理化特性等进行研究,探讨了苎麻属植物种子的微结构和油脂的功能特性,为苎麻进一步开发和利用提供科学依据。结果表明,苎麻属植物种子外形多样且种子表面纹饰以网状纹和线状纹为主;千粒重、粒长和粒宽分别在0.034~0.049 g、0.455~0.694 mm和0.250~0.322 mm之间;在以石油醚为萃取溶剂、80℃水浴和12h萃取时间的最佳条件下,种子出油率为13.45%~28.19%,属于高含油量种子,但不同基因型种子的出油率差异较大,野生种的平均出油率要高于栽培种的;种子油脂肪酸以棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸总量达87.82%~93.69%。种子出油率与千粒重和粒长之间为极显著的正相关,与粒宽之间为显著的正相关。
Microstructure features of ramie seed were studied by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.The composition and content of fatty acids,yield and physicochemical properties of ramie seed oil were systematically measured with GC-MS.The potential application of Ramie plant seed in industry could be further exploited.The ramie seed shapes were variable.Their ornamentations were mainly in retiform-wrinkles and linear-wrinkles forms.The kernel weight,length and breadth of ramie seed were 0.034-0.049 g、0.455-0.694 mm and 0.250-0.322 mm respectively.The seed oil contents were between 13.45%-28.19%.Maximum oil was produced when the seeds were extracted with petrol ether at 80 ℃ for 12 h.There was a significant genotype difference between wild and cultivated type.Normally,wild type produced higher oil content.The major fatty acids of ramie seed oil were palmitic acid,stearuc acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid.Under this condition,maximum total unsaturated fatty acids could reach 87.82%-93.69%.A significant positive correlation was found between seed oil yield and weigh and length（P0.01）.Similar significant positive correlation between seed oil yield and breadth was also evidenced（P0.05）.
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第1期31-38,共8页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(06C0063)
关键词
苎麻
种子
微结构
种子油
理化特性
功能
Ramie（Boehmeria nivea）
seed
microstructure
seed oil
physicochemical properties
fuction
