摘要
B型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type B,Hib)是引起小儿严重细菌感染的主要致病菌,可导致脑膜炎、肺炎、败血症、会厌炎、蜂窝组织炎、心包炎、脊髓炎等多种侵袭性疾病。WHO数据表明,全球每年约330万5岁以下儿童受到Hib感染,其中38万～50万儿童死于Hib感染性疾病,存活儿童中30%～40%出现严重的并发症与残疾。文章从Hib的感染现状、临床表现、Hib病原学特点以及Hib的传染源、传播途径、易感人群、年龄分布与危险因素等流行病学特点进行概述,同时回顾Hib疫苗的研发历史,并对目前广泛使用的Hib结合疫苗的免疫原性与保护效果、疫苗接种的安全性及中国Hib结合疫苗的应用策略进行综述。
Haemophilus influenzae type B（Hib） is one of the major pathogens causing a variety of serious invasive bacterial infections such as meningitis,pneumonia,septicemia,epiglottitis,cellulitis,pericarditis,myelitis in children.Data from WHO showed that every year about 330 million children under 5 years are infected by Hib around the world,of which 38 million-50 million die,and 30% to 40% of surviving children have serious complications and various disabilities.This paper reviewed the status of Hib infection,clinical manifestations,pathogenic features,and epidemiological characteristics including transmission route,susceptible population,age distribution and risk factors.Also the article reviewed the history of research and development of Hib vaccine,gave a general appraisal of immunogenicity,protective efficacy,and safety about widely used Hib conjugate vaccine,and introduced the strategy of Hib vaccine use.
出处
《临床儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第6期591-593,共3页
Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
关键词
B型流感嗜血杆菌
儿童
疫苗
Haemophilus influenzae type B
children
vaccine
