摘要
我国目前实行的是单一制低电价,存在着严重的交叉补贴。电价交叉补贴不能合理体现资源价值,无法引导用户合理消费;不能体现公平负担原则;同时也无法保证电力工业发展所需的资金;不利于电力工业市场化改革。2008年我国城乡居民生活、农业生产、排灌、化肥生产等几项电费补贴金额高达2852.5亿元。不解决交叉补贴问题,就不可能建立起电力工业的市场经济。对居民生活用电实行阶梯电价是逐步减少交叉补贴的一种行之有效的方法。尽管有学者认为阶梯电价科学性差,但对于中国而言,阶梯电价比目前实行的单一制低电价还是要科学、实用得多。实行阶梯电价可以采用3种模式,其中阶梯分时电价优点较为突出。在四川、浙江、福建3省试行阶梯电价过程中,关于用电户户数、第一段电量水平以及各段电价差价等问题值得探讨。我国实行阶梯电价的目的是要取消严重的交叉补贴,使低收入群体在电价上得到优惠,政府应当承担对低收入用户的电费补贴。
China is now imposing a low-and single-price system for its domestic intensive cross subsidization.Cross subsidization for electricity prices cannot reflect sources,guide consumers＇ rational consumption or reflect the principle of fair sharing electricity supplies with the real values of reIt cannot guarantee the funds needed in developing the electricity industry either and will have some negative effect on the effort to establish a market-driven electricity industry.In 2008,the Chinese government granted the residential,agricultural product production,irrigation and chemical production sectors electricity-related subsidies totaling as much as 255.25 billion Yuan.With cross subsidization problems remaining unresolved,it is impossible for the Chinese electricity industry to establish a market-style economy.Multistep pricing for the electricity supply to the residential sector is an effective approach to gradually reducing cross subsidization.Ahhough some scholars hold that multi-step pricing is unscientific ,to China,it is far more scientific and practicable than the singleprice system currently in place in China.There are three modes of implementing multi-step electricity pricing,among which multi-step time-of-use pricing has prominent advantages.Problems popping up during the trial adoption of multi-step electricity pricing in Sichuan,Zhejiang and Fujian provinces deserve discussion. These problems relate to the number of electricity consuming households,the amount of electricity used in the first stage and the price differences between different stages.China＇s multi-step electricity pricing system is designed to help eliminate heavy cross subsidization in the country and to benefit low-income groups.The government should offer electricity price subsidies to low-income consumers.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2010年第5期13-17,共5页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
阶梯电价
交叉补贴
居民生活用电
电价差价
电费补贴
multi-step electricity pricing
cross subsidization
electricity supply to residential sector
electricity price difference
electricity price subsidy
