摘要
本文介绍了合成高纯度单烷基磷酸酯的工艺路线的选择，重点描述了用聚合磷酸法制备高纯度单烷基磷酸酯及其性质。讨论了反应时间、聚合磷酸的浓度、脂肪酸／聚合磷酸的摩尔比等因素对脂肪醇的转化率和单烷基磷酸酯含量的影响。从试验数据中可以看到，在反应0～3h醇的转化率和单烷基磷酸酯含量迅速上升，以后便缓慢增加，最后趋于定值。醇的转化率可达到98％以上，单烷基磷酸酯含量（mol％）可达到97％左右。工艺条件为聚合磷酸浓度在104％～108％，脂肪醇／聚合磷酸摩尔比在1：3．5～5．5时较为理想。中试产品单烷基磷酸酯含量可达95．6％（wt），游离磷酸1．13％（wt）左右。还介绍了高纯度单烷基磷酸酯及其盐类的性质：pH～泡沫关系、表面张力、临界胶束浓度、皮肤刺激性。从有关数据中可以看出，具有高纯度单烷基磷酸酯在pH5．5～6．5范围内具有良好的泡沫性，表面活性、低刺激性和低毒性，非常适合于皮肤洗净产品。
Description of synthesis and properties of high purity monoalkyl phosphate (MAP). Discussion of the effect of reaction time, the concentration of polyphosphoric acid (PPA), fatty alcohol (ROH)/PPA mole ratio to the ROH conversion and MAP content. In the time of 0~3 hr of the reaction, the ROH conversion and MAP content rapidly rise and then a slow down in the rising speed. In the end of the reaction, the ROH conversion can be upwords of 98%, MAP content can be about 97%. The optimurn technological condition is: the concentration of PPA 104~ 108%. ROH/PPA mole ratio 1:3. 5~4. 5. The pilot-plant test sample is MAP 95. 6% (wt. ) and PA 1. 13% (wt. ). In the other hand description of propreties of high purity MAP in pH^foam, surface tension, cmc, skin irritation. These show that the high purity MAP has good foam value in pH5.5~6. 5, good surface activity, low skin irritation and safety. In addition, high purity C12 MAP shows good surface active properties for skin cleanser.
