摘要
英文"science"最初的含义是知识或学问,进入十九世纪后用来特指自然科学,实证主义兴起之后又开始用来泛指基于数学分析和经验研究的一切学问。在作为"science"译语的"科学"由日本传入中国之前,中国主要用"格致"来对译"science"。这样,"格致"除继续指代与"正心"、"诚意"相关联的修身、明德方法之外,还被用来指称自然哲学、自然科学以及物理学等。当"science"在实证主义科学观的影响下演变成泛指自然科学和社会科学的概念之后,要不要扩大"格致"的解释范围以适应"science"概念的演变便成了一个必须面对的问题。结果是熟悉西方科学发展情况的严复和梁启超都选择了"科学"。于是,放弃语义多歧的"格致",选用"科学"便逐渐演变成了一种社会潮流。
The meaning of English word＇science＇ varied during different times. Its original meaning is ＇knowledge＇ or ＇learning＇. When it came into 19th century,this word began to refer to natural science specially. And after the rise of positivism,＇science＇ means all learning based on mathematical analysis and experience investigation. Before Kexue as the translation of＇science＇ was introduced into China from Japan,Chinese people mainly used Gezhi as the translation of＇science＇. As a result of this,Gezhi was used to refer to natural philosophy,natural science and even physics,except its original meaning—methods of Xiushen and Mingde which are correlative with Zhengxin and Chengyi. When＇science＇ began to refer to natural science and social science with the impact of positivism,whether or not extend the meaning of Gezhi to adapt the evolvement of meanings of＇science＇ became an unavoidable problem. It turned out that both Yan Fu and Liang Qichao chose＇science＇. Therefore,Kexue finally took the place of Gezhi which referred to too many things and became the translation word of＇science＇.
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第2期101-105,共5页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
