摘要
《墨子》中的《天志》和《明鬼》篇,是墨学中颇有争议的篇章,学者多把这两篇章看做是墨学落后保守的代表,甚至是墨学由显学到绝学的学理原因。但如果从积极角度看,《天志》和《明鬼》篇也有很多积极因素:"天志"、"明鬼"思想是墨子"兼爱"、"非攻"学说的重要的组成部分,是墨子论证"兼爱"、"非攻"学说的重要的外在力量,是推行其学说的工具;鬼神观是道德力量中一个重要的外在约束力量;"天志"、"明鬼"思想反映了墨子的一种功利主义态度,认为敬鬼神既是对先人的尊重,可以联络乡亲的情感;也反映了下层被压迫的人民的正义的要求,是"民志"的曲折表现,具有强烈的现实批判力量。
The chapter Tianzhi and the chapter Minggui of Mohist have been very controversial, many scholars regard these two chapters as the representative of the symbol of backward and conservative, even the reason that made the Mohism from a distinguished school to lost knowledge. But from a more positive viewpoint, Tianzhi and Minggui have a number of positive factors ： they are important constituent of Mohist＇ s doctrines of universal love and antiwar, are the very important external powers used by Mohist to prove his doctrine of universal love and antiwar, are the tools to popularize his theory ;the idea of ghosts and gods is an important external restraining force in the moral power and reflect the utilitarian attitude of Mohist by the standpoint that respect ghosts and gods has the same effect as respect predecessor as cement villagers＇ friendship;they reflect the justicial request of the oppressed, are circuitous symbol of folk mind, have a strong force of critical realism.
出处
《忻州师范学院学报》
2009年第6期89-91,共3页
Journal of Xinzhou Teachers University
关键词
墨子
天志
明鬼
鬼神观
Tianzhi
Minggui
the idea of ghosts and gods
