摘要
结构实在论是近年来科学实在论与反实在论争论的焦点之一。而为了理解结构实在论必须首先了解科学实在论。文章首先对科学实在论的论据、类型及其问题进行概要性讨论,指出它的主要论据是最佳解释推理和无奇迹论证以及因果解释推理和实验实践论证,并将科学实在论划分为科学理论实在论、理论实体实在论、实验实体实在论和结构实在论;然后对新兴起的结构实在论相关的本体论和认识论作一个总体的评论,阐明结构实在论在当前科学实在论与反实在论争论中的地位与作用,比较各种不同类型的结构实在论,特别是认识的结构实在论和本体的结构实在论的异同,阐明它们的内容、历史、意义和存在问题,并认为拒斥实体的结构实在论是片面的、不完备的,主张建构一种实体的结构实在论来修正和发展结构实在论。
Structural realism is considered the bone of contention in the debate between scientific realism and anti - realism nowadays. In order to grasp structural realism, we must understand scientific realism, so the paper summarily discusses what are the arguments, the forms, and the problems of scientific realism first, and points out that the main argument of scientific realism is the inference to the best explanation and its second order proposition： no - miracles argument as well as the inference of causal explanation and experimentally practical argument. The paper divides scientific realism into four forms ： realism of scientific theory, theoretical entity realism, experimental entity realism and structural realism （SR）. And then, the paper analyzes SR from the ontological and epistemological points of view, and illuminates its position, role and problems in the debate of scientific realism and anti - realism. The paper divides SR into three forms： epistemic structural realism （ESR）, ontic structural realism （OSR）, and entitative structural realism （ENSR）. We suggest and prefer the last one, because SR, if it eliminates entity in ontology or epistemology, will be unilateral and incomplete.
出处
《科学技术哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第6期1-11,共11页
Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology
关键词
科学实在论
无奇迹论证
悲观的元归纳
结构实在论
认识的结构实在论
本体的结构实在论
实体的结构实在论
scientific realism
the no - miracles argument
pessimistic metainduction
structural realism
epistemic structural realism
ontic structural realism
entitative structural realism
