摘要
表观遗传变异是一种不涉及DNA序列的改变但可以通过有丝分裂和(或)减数分裂实现代间传递的变异,主要包括组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化和miRNA。本文分别对植物中这三种变异类型的特征、作用机制、功能及研究方法等进行了综述。其中组蛋白修饰包括乙酰化、甲基化和磷酸化等。不同组蛋白修饰方式之间的相互作用可能对植物细胞内的重要事件起决定作用,如种子的萌发、开花以及对环境的应答等。组蛋白修饰的主要研究方法为ChIP-on-chip和GMAT。DNA甲基化作为基因表达的一种调控机制,在植物生长发育过程中具有重要作用。DNA甲基化程度与基因表达活性之间存在负相关性,DNA甲基化程度越低,基因表达活性越高;反之,则越低。DNA甲基化研究方法主要包括MSAP法、McCOBRA和MS-DBA等;植物miRNA序列在进化上高度保守,主要调控植物形态建成,尤其是花的发育。其研究方法涵盖了miRNA的鉴定、表达分析和功能研究。此外,不同植物表观遗传变异之间相互调控,构成了一个完整的表观遗传调控网络。
Epigenetic variation is a kind of variation that do not refers to changes of DNA sequence but could be transmitted between generations by mitosis and/or maiosis, and its variations mainly including histone modifications, DNA methylation and microRNA. In this article, we overview the characteristics, mechanism of action, function and research approaches of three type of epigenetic variation in plants. Among the total, histone modifications are present in such ways as acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation, etc. The interaction among these different ways of histone modifications might be play a decisive role in intracellular significant event of plants, such as seeds germination, flowering and response to environment, and so on. The main research approaches for histone modification are regarded as ChiP-on-chip （chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip） and GMAT （genomewide mapping technique）. DNA methylation, as a regulatory mechanism of gene expression, also plays an important role in the process of growth and development in plants. The relationship between the degree of DNA methylation and gene expression activity is negative correlatied, and the more lower level of DNA methylation, the higher of gene expression activity, and vice versa. References show that the main research approaches of DNA methylation contains MSAP （methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism）, McCOBRA and MS-DBA. From the perspective of evolution, the miRNA sequence of plant is extremely conserved, and it is mainly involved in the regulation of plant morphogenesis, especially in flower development. Its research methods include characterization, expression analysis and functional study of miRNA. Moreover, the interreaction among these different kinds of epigenetic variation regulation in plants which set up a complete epigenetic regulation network.
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
CSCD
2009年第5期996-1003,共8页
Molecular Plant Breeding
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30671707
30872040)资助
