摘要
观察了受精前打碗花（ＣａｌｙｓｔｅｇｉａｈｅｄｅｒａｃｅａＷａｌ．）成熟胚囊的超微结构及在受精后的变化，并描述了卵细胞、助细胞与中央细胞在胚囊中部位结构上的关系。证明它们之间的界壁大部分只具质膜，表现与被子植物的大多数在受精的靶区缺少壁相似的特征。在超微结构上，雌性生殖单位各组成细胞除具一般的特征外，还表现有一些不寻常的特点：卵细胞核位于合点端的大液泡之上，细胞质中含多聚核糖体；中央细胞不仅在向珠心的一面具壁内突，而且在向助细胞一面也具内突。这些特点可能与其受精周期短和缺少反足细胞相关。作者提出了把打碗花雌性生殖单位作为一个结构与功能相适应的结构，以保证成功的受精的结论。
Ultrastructures of the mature embryo sac of Calystegia hederacea Wall. and its changes after fertilization are described. The positional organization of the egg cell, the two synergids and the central cell, as well as their interrelationships were studied. Some regions of the cell boundaries between the egg cell and the central cell, as well as between the egg cell and the synergids were devoid of typical cell wall before fertilization, displayed a feature quite similar to the characteristic absence of the cell wall in the fertilization target zone occurred in most angiosperms. Besides the general ultrastructural characteristics of the egg apparatus and the central cell, there were several unusual aspects in C. hederacea, such as the egg nucleus located above the large vacuole near the chalazal end of the cell, many polyribosomes in the cytoplasm of the egg cell and wall ingrowths on both sides of the hooks of the central cell. All these unusual characteristics seemed to be closely associated with the short duration of the fertilization and the absence of antipodal cells in the mature embryo sac. It is concluded that the female germ unit of C. hederacea is considered to be a topographical and physiological unit to realize their functions for successful double fertilization.
关键词
雌性生殖单位
卵细胞
中央细胞
超微结构
打碗花
Female germ unit, Egg cell, Synergid cell, Central cell, Ultrastructure, Calystegia hederacea
