摘要
从农业自然资源、生态环境破坏现状及环境污染3方面对我国农业环境问题现状进行了系统的总结,并对其产生原因进行了初步分析,在此基础上提出防治对策。总体上看,我国农业自然资源短缺且受污染严重;农业生态破坏较为严重;由化肥、农药和农膜等农业投入品造成的面源污染日趋严重;秸秆处置不当、畜禽养殖污染、农村生活污染控制不力造成的环境污染日益严重,乡镇企业及城镇污染向农村的转移又进一步使农业环境恶化。我国农业环境问题的产生很大程度上与部分农业政策的实施有关;此外,农业环境保护立法不完善、执法不力以及农村环境保护意识淡薄、环境管理体系不完善等也是其产生的主要原因。基于以上原因,提出解决农业环境问题的如下对策措施:开展农业政策战略环境评价;重视生态建设,推动资源高效利用,发展生态农业;合理控制农用化学品投入,实施种植业清洁生产;加强畜禽养殖污染控制监管;制定激励机制,减轻农业面源污染;建立健全农村环境污染监管机制;加强宣传教育,增强农民环境保护意识。
The problems of agricultural environment in China were summarized systematically from the aspects of agricultural natural resources, eco-environment destruction, and environmental pollution. Their causes were analyzed, and the countermeasures were put forward. As a whole, our agricultural natural resources were in shortage and polluted heavily, ago-ecological environment destruction was quite serious, agricultural non-point pollution from fertilizers, pesti- cides, and plastic film became more and more serious, and the improper disposal of straw, contamination of livestock and birds breeding, rural living pollution, contamination by township enterprises, and the pollution transferred from cities deteriorated agricultural environment. These problems were correlated with some agricultural policies to a large extent. In addition, the imper-fect legislation in agro-environmental protection, the lack of effective law execution, the weak awareness in environmental protection, and the imperfect environmental management system were all the main reasons of agro-environmental problems. Based on these causations, several countermeasures were put forward to solve the problems of ago-environment, i. e. , to develop strategic environmental assessment of agricultural policy, pay attention to ecological construction, promote the resources to be used in high efficiency, develop ecoagricuhure, control the inputs of agro- . chemicals reasonably, implement cleaner production in planting industry, enhance the inspection and management of the contamination of livestock and birds breeding, constitute prompting mech-anism, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, establish regulatory mechanism of rural environment, and strengthen publicity and education to improve the environmental awareness of farmers.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第7期1399-1405,共7页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
我国农业政策的战略环境评价研究资助项目
关键词
农业环境问题
防治对策
农业政策
战略环境评价
生态农业
problems of agricultural environment
control countermeasures
agricultural policy
strategic environmental assessment
eco-agricuhure.
