摘要
硝基苯污染威胁着人类和生态系统健康，国外有关硝基苯的环境毒理的研究已经广泛展开，但我国仍处于起步阶段。文章综述了国内外硝基苯环境效应的研究进展，介绍了其基本理化性质、用途、环境基准和标准值、污染的生态毒理效应以及其在生态系统中的迁移转化规律。研究认为环境中的硝基苯属于低毒污染物，但难溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，难以降解，造成水体和土壤污染的持续时间长，且能够在生物体内积累，产生生物放大效应，因此，高浓度的硝基苯对生态系统和人体健康造成较大的生态风险；不过，阳光中的近紫外线、γ射线、声波振荡以及生物分解等作用可自然环境中硝基苯有降解作用，而生物和物理吸附能降低其浓度，从而降解其毒性。目前，有关自然生态系统中硝基苯迁移转化过程之间协同作用与相互影响的研究还有待于进一步深入。
Nitrobenzene pollution threats ecosystems and human health, the environmental toxicology of Nitrobenzene has been received much more attention in international contrast to the preliminary stage of china. This paper provides a review on the research progress of environmental impacts of Nitrobenzene, introducing its basic physico-chemical properties, purpose, environmental benchmark and standard values, eco-toxicological effects and transfermation and transport in ecosystems. The study shows that environmentally exist Nitrobenzene is a low-toxic pollutant that insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent, causing longterm pollutions in water and soil, the compound can also accumulate in living organisms to produce biological amplification. Consequently, Nitrobenzene with higher concerntration causes considerble ecological risks on ecosystems and human health. However, ultraviolet, γ-ray, acoustic oscillations and bio-degradation in natural environment may degradate this compound, biological and physical adsorptions can also dilute Nitrobenzene concerntration to reduce the toxicity of Nitrobenzene. At present, more in-depth studies should be done to understand the synergys and interactions of Nitrobenzene transfermation and transportation in natrual ecosystems.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期771-776,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑重大项目（2008BAC43801）
关键词
硝基苯
生态环境
综述
Nitrobenzene
environmental effects
review
