摘要
在遥感与GIS技术支持下,以乌审旗1986-2005年5期TM影像为主要数据源,运用土地利用动态度和土地利用转移矩阵对土地利用的数量变化进行了研究,运用定量与定性相结合的景观空间格局分析方法,对土地利用景观格局特征的动态变化进行了分析,并利用社会经济数据对土地利用变化的人为驱动力进行了分析。研究表明:(1)20年间各土地利用类型经历着"涨势"与"落势"的波动。从各土地利用类型的转化方向来看,林地、草地和沙地相互转换频繁;耕地主要转变为林地、草地和沙地;水域主要向其他未利用地转换,其他未利用地主要向草地和沙地转换,工矿用地没有转出。从2005年各土地利用类型的转化来源看,耕地主要是由林地、沙地和草地转变而来;林地主要由沙地和草地转变而来;草地主要是由沙地和林地转变而来;水域主要是由沙地和耕地转变而来;居民地主要是由沙地、草地和林地转变而来;其他未利用地主要是由草地、水域和林地转变而来。(2)土地利用景观格局演变特征表现为:除居民点外各类景观斑块形状指数都呈增加趋势;除水域外,各类景观斑块密度下降、分离度减少;全旗景观优势度下降、多样性升高。(3)人为因素中的人口增长、经济发展以及生态工程的实施对土地利用变化起重要作用。
With the aid of RS and GIS techniques and based on five TM images of Uxin Qi from 1986 to 2005, land use change is quantitatively studied by employing land use dynamic degree and land use shift matrix, landscape characteristics and dynamic changes of spatial landscape pattern are analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods, human driving factors of land use change are analyzed with socio-economic data. The research indicates （1） fluctuation between expansionary path and falling trend took place in land use types during the past 20 years. According to conversion direction of land use in 1986, woodland, grassland and sandy land transformed frequently, cropland were mainly converted to woodland, grassland and sandy land, water area mainly to other unutilized land which otherwise converted to grassland and sandy land, and no conversion happened to industrial and mining land. According to conversion source of land use in 2005, cropland was mainly converted from woodland, sandy land and grassland; woodland mainly converted from sandy land and grassland; grassland mainly converted from sandy land and woodland; water area mainly from sandy land and cropland; habitation mainly from sandy land, grassland and woodland; and other unutilized land mainly from grassland, water area and woodland. （2）Dynamics of landscape pattern in Uxin Qi manifest that fractal dimension of all landscape decreases, shape index shows an increasing trend except that of habitation, patch density and isolation degree presents a decreasing trend except that of water area, and dominance index declines and diversity index increases on the whole. （3） Population growth, economic development and ecological fathering projects are the main human driving factors influencing land use change.
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第2期199-206,共8页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家科技攻关项目(2006BAD26B03)
关键词
土地利用变化
景观演变
人为驱动力
乌审旗
land use change
dynamics of landscape pattern
human driving factors
Uxin Qi
