摘要
超临界流体由于其特殊的性质,是制备在纳米及微米尺度范围有序结构的一种良好的溶剂,其中包含超临界二氧化碳.超临界流体根据其特殊性,可扩展"自上而下"的方法,包括沉积法、清洁法、刻蚀法和表面修饰法,从而达到最精细的雕琢.当采用"自下而上"的方法时,由于二氧化碳分子与聚合物的相互作用,尤其是与嵌段共聚物模板的作用,可促使完全的结构精细化,因此超临界流体中纳米粒子和纳米线的合成近年来发展迅速,由此制备的有序结构材料在微电子、探测技术、能量转换等领域显示了令人欣喜的应用前景.本文就有关领域,对超临界流体技术的基础及其应用进行了评述.
Supercritical fluids including carbon dioxide offer a combination of properties that are uniquely suited for ordered material fabrication at the nanoscale or micronscale. These characteristics provide a means for extending ＂top-down＂ processing methods including deposition, cleaning, etching, and surface modification chemistries to the smallest features. The interaction of carbon dioxide with polymeric materials, and block copolymer templates in particular, also enables complete structural specification of nanostructured films using a ＂bottom-up＂ approach, and the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanowires in supercritical fluids is developing rapidly and offers promise for the efficient production of well-defined materials or device substrates for applications in microelectronics, detection arrays, and energy conversion, etc. In the following, a lot of recent papers will be cited, which should give an overview of actual results on fundamentals and applications of ordered materials synthesized or processed by supercritical fluid technologies.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第6期707-716,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:20404012)
河南省杰出青年科学基金(批准号:0512001200)资助项目
关键词
超临界流体
有序材料
合成
过程处理
supercritical fluids, ordered materials, synthesis, processing
