摘要
早产儿的脏器生理生化功能不成熟或发育不良,与其快速生长所需的高营养素摄入相矛盾,如未能掌握对这一阶段患儿的合理营养支持技术,不仅容易引起近期相关并发症,而且早期营养状况与成人期重大疾病的发生和发展有关。因此,了解该阶段小儿的代谢特点和营养素需要的特殊性,是临床正确提供合理营养支持过程中不可忽视的关键。作者较系统地描述了早产儿的能量代谢特征、营养素经静脉和口服途径补充的技术要领及其临床监测。内容包括实际能量消耗及其需要、体液和电解质的改变及补充,并对碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的代谢特征及其临床应用作了详细描述,在矿物质和维生素的应用中强调了一些重要物质包括微量元素的补充特点,提倡并强调早期肠内喂养的重要性,以及肠内和肠外营养联合应用的益处和计算方法。
Physiological and biochemical functions of the immature organs in premature infants do not meet the large caloric and nutritional demands for their fast growth. A proper nutrition-supporting technology should be mastered, otherwise not only early complications but also serious adult diseases might occur. The key of providing proper clinical nutrition support is to understand the metabolic features and nutrient requirements in childhood. This review describes the features of energy metabolism in premature infants, the technologic essentials of nutrition supplement through intravenous and oral routes, including actual energy expenditure and demand, and the changes and supplements of body fluids and electrolytes. The author also describes in detail the metabolic features and clinical applications of the three energy substrates （carbohydrate, protein and fat） . In the use of minerals and vitamins, emphases have been put on supplementa tion of some important substances, including certain trace elements. Earlier enteric feeding is very important and should be advocated. A formula of parenteral nutrition combined with enteric nutrition support, which is beneficial for infants, is provided and recommended.
出处
《临床儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期217-221,共5页
Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
关键词
早产儿
代谢特征
营养管理
premature infants
metabolic features
nutrition management
