摘要
学校情境下的问题大部分是良构问题,而现实生活中面临的问题大多是非良构问题。解决良构问题的程序是激活图式表征问题,搜寻解决方案和执行解决方案。结构性知识与具体领域的知识是解决良构问题的主要成分。解决非良构问题的过程包括了解问题的陈述,确定问题是否存在,确定问题的本质,澄清问题产生的原因,识别与澄清不同的看法,生成与选择可能的解决方案,评估与实施解决方案。认知的调节、认知观和情感态度等非认知因素均是解决非良构问题的关键因素。总之,在问题本质、问题解决过程和问题解决成分三个方面,良构问题与非良构问题存在着较大的差异。
Most of problems in schools are well-structured problems, but problems we must face in life are ill- structured.Well-structured problems solving includes representing problems by schema activation,searching solutions, and implementing solutions. Structural knowledge and domain-specific knowledge are critical components in solving well-structured problems. III-structured problems solving includes reading problem statement, deciding the existence of the problem, determining the nature of the problem, delineating the causes of the problem, identifing and clariting alternative options, generating and choosing possible solutions,and evaluating and implementing the solution.The critical components of ill-structured problems solving includes regulation of cognition, epistemic cognition and non-cognitive components including affect,attitude and so on.In sum,there are existing atotof differences in nature of problems, processes of solving problems and components for solving problems between well-structured and ill-structured problems solving.
出处
《远程教育杂志》
CSSCI
2008年第6期23-31,共9页
Journal of Distance Education
关键词
问题解决
良构问题
非良构问题
problem solving
well-structured problems
ill-structured problems
