摘要
对摄取植物及动物性饵料的草鱼的研究表明,生长率与吸收率之间呈线性关系,且这一关系不受食物种类影响。这说明,摄取植物的草鱼生长率较低的主要原因是其吸收率低。一些研究中,草鱼在摄取植物性饵料时生长缓慢,主要是未能保证鱼有足够的时间摄食以获取高摄食率。对摄取植物及动物性饵料的草鱼日摄食节律的比较支持了这一假设。生长率与摄食率之间为线性关系。随着摄食率增加,粪便能及排泄能占食物能的比例变化不大,标准代谢占食物能的比例下降,摄食代谢占食物能的比例基本恒定,生长能占食物能的比例增加。在22-30℃之间,食物能分配于能量收支各组分的比例不受温度影响。对体重12.8-95.2g的草鱼的研究表明,草鱼湿重生长率随体重增加而下降,而能量生长率、摄食率及能量收支均不受体重影响;鱼体的能值则随体重的增加而上升,这说明湿重生长率随体重下降的主要原因是由于鱼体能值的上升。研究还说明,草鱼以植物性饵料为食时,是可以获得高生长率的。草鱼的能量学特征为高摄食率、高代谢消耗、低生长效率。
Comparison of growth and energy budget of grass carp fed plant and animal diets showed that a linear relationship existed between growth rate and absorption rate, which was not affected by food type. This suggested that the lower growth rate of grass carp fed plants was mainly caused by the lower absorption rate. It was hypothesized that the low growth rate of plant-eating grass carp in some studies was a result of the failure to ensure sufficient feeding time to achieve a high consumption rate. This hypothesis was supported by evidence from an experiment on the circadian feeding rhythm of grass carp fed plant and animal diets. The relationship between growth rate and ration was linear. With increases in ration, variations in the proportion of food energy lost in faeces and nitrogenous excreta were small, the proportion spent in standard metabolism decreased, that spent in feeding metabolism remained unchanged and that used for growth increased. The pattern of energy allocation was not affected by water temperature over the range 22- 30℃ . Growth rate in wet weight decreased, growth rate in energy, food consumption and pattern of energy allocation remained unchangd, and body energy content increased with fish size over the range 12.8 - 95.2 g, suggesting that the decrease in wet weight growth with fish size was mainly caused by an increase in energy content. Growth rates of grass carp fed lettuce leaves were among the highest reported under laboratory conditions, suggesting that grass carp fed plant diets can attain high growth rates. The bioenergetics of the grass carp was characterized by a high consumption rate, high metabolic expenditure and low growth efficiency.
出处
《中国科学基金》
CSCD
1998年第1期9-13,共5页
Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China
关键词
生物能量学
能量收支
草食性鱼类
草鱼
bioenergetics, energy budget, growth, herbivorous fish genome, bioinformatics, functional genomics
