摘要
通过在江苏省环太湖地区开展的机械化稻麦秸秆还田试验，对秸秆还田后水稻、小麦的产量与土壤碳库质量的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明，连续秸秆还田3年，小麦苗期的平均株高、地上部和根系生物量、总生物量分别比对照高5％、16％、13％、16％。水稻、小麦产量比对照分别增产180～810kg／hm^2、150～480kg／hm^2，增产幅度分别为2．1％～8．6％、5．1％～13．0％。秸秆还田改善了土壤有机质状况，且有机质各组分对秸秆归还的响应有差异，以秸秆全量还田处理的活性有机质增加最多，为初始土壤的2．5倍，总有机质增加最少，增幅为初始土壤的26％。与初始土壤相比，半量、全量秸秆还田处理的土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）分别增加了1．52～1．94、1．22～1．99。与对照土壤相比，半量、全量秸秆还田后耕层土壤的碳库管理指数（CPMI）分别提高了67．7％、72．0％。说明秸秆全量还田对于提高耕层土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）更有效。水稻季的耕层土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）显著低于小麦季的耕层土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）。稻麦产量与土壤有机质各组分的相关性分析结果表明，作物产量与活性有机质及碳库管理指数（CPMI）的相关性要好于有机质，因此，从土壤生产力的角度出发，短期内活性有机质与土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）比总有机质有更好的指示与评价作用。
Field experiment was established to study mechanized straw application on the yields of rice and wheat and soil labile carbon content variation in Tai lake region. Results obtained showed the plant height, shoot and root biomass of wheat seedlings on average were increased by 5% , 16% and 13.0% respectively after three years of continuous application of straw. Rice and wheat yields were 2. 1% to 8.6% and 5. 1% to 13.0% respectively higher in straw applied fields than filed with no application of straw （CK）. Soil organic matter （OM） content was increased and each OM ingredient reacted discrepantly to straw application. Labile OM increased the most, being 2. 5 times higher than initial soil, while total OM increased the least, the increasing rate was 26% only. Compared with carbon management index （CPMI） of initial soil, soil CPM1 of half-amount and total-amount of straw application were increased by 1.52 to 1.94 and 1.22 to 1.99, respectively. In comparison of CK, soil CP- MI of half-amount and totalamount of straw application were increased by 67.7% and 72. 0% respectively, indicating total-amount application of straw was more effective on improving soil CPMI. The soil CPMI in rice season was significantly lower than that of wheat season. Analysis on the correlation between crop yields and soil OM ingredients suggested labile OM and CPM1 were better related to crop yields than total OM did. Consequently, soil labile OM and CPMI are better evaluation indexes than total OM in the view of soil productivity.
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期833-838,共6页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD25B07-03)
江苏省农机三项工程项目(NJ2005-35)
IPNI合作项目(JIANGSU-10)
关键词
秸秆还田
活性有机质
碳库管理指数
产量
straw application
labile organic matter
carbon management index
yield
