摘要
比较清代南京和北京官话-k尾入声字的拼写,尤其是艾约瑟、威妥玛、马礼逊及何美龄编撰的官话课本和字典拼写的"宕江梗曾通"五摄的入声字,我们发现这五摄的入声字在清代北京和南京官话中都丢失了-k尾,但它们在北京和南京官话有不同的音变。在北京官话,大致上有两种主要的音变,一是变作零韵尾韵母,一是变作以-u或-i收尾的韵母,还有少部分字变作撮口呼韵母-üeh;而在南京官话,一般变作零韵尾韵母,少部分变作以-i收尾的韵母。南京官话以-k收尾的入声字,少部分也有文白异读的现象,尤其变作以-i收尾的韵母,明显是受北京官话的影响。
A comparative study of the orthographies of entering tone characters ending with a -k final of Nanking（南京） and Peking（北京） Mandarins during the Qing（清） Dynasty, specifically on the five rhymes categories, namely Dang（宕）, Jiang（江）, Geng（梗 ）, Zeng（曾） and Tong（通） which are noted by Joseph Edkins（艾约瑟, 1823-1905）, Thomas Francis Wade（威妥玛, 1818-1895）, Robert Morrison（马礼逊, 1782-1834） and K. Hemeling（何美龄, 1878-？） in their Mandarin books and dictionaries, the -k final of these five rhymes categories in Peking（北京） and Nanking（南京） Mandarins entirely disappeared, however different sound changes occurred in Nanking（南京） and Peking（北京） Mandarins. In Peking（北京） Mandarin, generally has two types of sound changes, the first type converted to a vowel without tail vowei（零韵尾）, the second type converted to a compound vowel with a -u or -i final （元音韵尾）, some characters from these five categories converted to a compound vowel -ǖeh, however in Nanking（南京） Mandarin, usually the first type mentioned earlier occurred, only a few words converted to a compound vowel ending with -i final. In Nanking（南京） Mandarin, some of the entering tone characters ending with -k final also have literary and colloquial pronunciations（文白异读）, especially for those characters converted to a compound vowel ending with the -i final, it is apparently influenced by Peking（北京） Mandarin.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2009年第1期6-15,共10页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
关键词
-k韵尾
元音韵尾
零韵尾
北京官话
南京官话
文白异读
标准官话拼音法
entering tone character ending with -k final
compound vowel ending with -i or -u final
vowel without tail vowel
Peking（ 北京 ） Mandarin
Nanking（ 南京 ） Mandarin
literary and colloquial pronunciations
the Standard Mandarin Orthography（标准官话拼音法）
