摘要
目的分析湖南省2007年狂犬病监测资料,评价预防处置效果,预防和控制狂犬病的发生。方法根据《湖南省狂犬病监测实施方案》,收集全省狂犬病监测资料进行流行病学分析。结果2007年共报告狂犬病334例,发病率为0.53/10万。Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度暴露者占93.1%,伤口未处理者达68.06%,病例均无暴露前免疫史,暴露后只有9.61%注射狂犬疫苗,仅3.6%联合应用了抗狂犬免疫球蛋白或血清。狂犬病门诊监测中,全省共有280496例暴露者就诊,Ⅱ、Ⅲ度暴露者占88.39%。2.57%自行处置伤口,3.31%未接种疫苗,Ⅲ度暴露者中仅25.87%注射了抗狂犬免疫球蛋白或血清。伤人动物主要是犬,全省犬密度为4.37只/100人,兽用疫苗接种率为52.06%,犬只狂犬病毒携带率是4.41%。结论犬密度较高、犬群有较高的带毒率,兽用疫苗接种率较低,群众防治意识不强以及暴露后未能得到规范处理是目前狂犬病高发的主要原因。加强犬只"管、免、灭",规范暴露后伤口的规范处理,是遏制狂犬病高发行之有效的综合措施。
Objective To analyze the results on rabies surveillance in Hunan Province in 2007, to evaluate preventive effect of disposal, and to prevent and control rabies. Methods According to the Implement Scheme of Rabies Surveillance in Hunan Province in 2007, we collected rabies surveillance data in whole province for epidemiological analysis. Results Totally 334 human rabies cases were reported in 2007, and the incidence rate was 0.53/100,000. The exposure ratio of degree Ⅱ , Ⅲ was 93.1%, and the untreated wound was 68.06 %. All cases had no pre- exposure immunization history, only 9.61% post-exposure cases were injected rabies vaccine, and only 3.6% received combined injection of anti- rabies immunoglobulin or serum. There were 280,496 cases in outpatient surveillance of rabies in whole province. The exposure ratio of degree Ⅱ,Ⅲ was 88.39%. 2.57% cases disposed the wound by themselves, 3.31% were not vaccinated. Only 2.5.87 % post - exposure cases with degree m were injected anti - rabies immunoglobulin or serum. Dog was the main attacking animal, and dog density was 4.37/100 persons in Hunan Province. Veterinary rabies vaccination rate was 52.06% in dogs, and the infection rate of dog was 4.41%. Conclusion The main reasons for high incidence rate of rabies are high density of dog, high infection rate of rabies in dogs, low rate of veterinary vaccination, lack of awareness of preventing and controlling rabies, and post- exposure cases which could not be treated well. Therefore, strengthening the management, immunization, and extinguishment in dogs, and standardizing wound treatment in post- exposure cases are the effective comprehensive measures to prevent and control rabies.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2008年第6期1819-1821,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
狂犬病
流行特征
监测
防制措施
Rabies
Epidemic characteristics
Surveillance
Prevention and control measures
