摘要
在俄罗斯文馆存在的一个半世纪里,先后有多名俄人担任教习之职。康熙年间,文馆教习由俄国商队成员、降人及后裔充任,教习队伍不稳定,语言水平也不高。从雍正初期起,文馆开始延聘俄国东正教驻北京传教士团成员担任教习,其中罗索欣、弗拉德金和列昂季耶夫与满人富勒赫合作编写出中国第一本俄语教科书。自道光年间起,有4位传教士团领班被俄罗斯文馆聘为教习,但由于鸦片战争爆发后中俄关系的实质已经由以往的平等交往转向了俄国伙同西方列强对中国进行瓜分,他们并未发挥出"协同教授"的作用,更多时候是将在文馆兼职作为为俄国政府探听清廷内情的机会或手段。
During the one-and-half century＇s existence of the Russian school, a number of Russian nationals used to serve as instructors. During Emperor Kangxi＇ s reign, the teaching posts were taken by members of Russian caravans, those who had surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and their descendants. Therefore, the faculty was not stable, and their lan- guage ability was not proficient enough. At the beginning of Emperor Yongzheng＇s reign, the school started to employ members of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing, among whom I. K. Rossokhin, A. G. Vladykin, and A. L. Leont＇ev coauthored, together with the Manchu Fulohe, the first Russian textbook of China. Since the rule of Emperor Daoguang, four members of the Mission had been hired by the Russian school. However, the breaking-out of the Opium War altered the nature of Sino-Russian relationship with the latter ioining the West in dividing up China. The missionaries did not fulfill their roles in the ＂cooperative teaching＂ of the Russian language. Most of the time they used their job as an opportunity to spy on the Qing Court for their government.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第12期80-88,共9页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"近代以来中俄文化交流史研究"(项目编号:07JJD770105)阶段性成果
关键词
俄罗斯文馆
教习
俄罗斯佐领
传教士团
Russian school
language instruction
Russian company
the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing
