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美国村镇制度的演变 被引量:2

On the Evolution of Township System in the United States of America
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摘要 村镇制度是美国历史上的一个重要问题。村镇制度经历了一个长期的历史嬗变过程,在不同时期和不同领域,它具有不同的含义。在英国早期历史上,它是一种具有有限民事职能的自治组织;在殖民地时期的新英格兰,它具有"村镇移植"的含义,主要是一种土地分配和处理以及人口移植制度;依据美国1785年《土地法令》确定的土地测量制度,村镇完全成为一种土地测量单位;随着美国西部的开发与领地和州的组建,村镇又成为西部某些州的基层政治组织单位。综观美国村镇制度的整个演变过程,它既有明显的演变阶段性,又有各种制度相互交叉和平行存在的特征。 Township system is one of important problems in American history. Township has experienced a long historical evolution. It has different denotations in different historical periods and in different areas. In early English history, it was a limited civil self-ruled unit. In colonial New England, it meant township planting, serving the purpose of land distribution and peopling. In 1785 Land Act, it became a land measurement unit. Following the development of the West and the establishment of Territory and new states in the West, township becomes a local administrative unit. From its whole evolution history, it has distinct evolution periods and at the same time overlapping and parallel characteristics.
作者 孔庆山
出处 《史学月刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2008年第10期70-77,共8页 Journal of Historical Science
基金 广东外语外贸大学科研创新团队A类项目(GW2006-TA-010) 南京大学-霍普金斯大学中美文化中心国际问题研究所资助
关键词 村镇制度 土地制度 土地测量 行政区划 township land system public land survey administrative unit
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参考文献39

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共引文献9

同被引文献17

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