摘要
目的某新建石油化工企业炼油生产工艺过程存在急性中毒事故的可能性,针对高毒物质造成的急性中毒后果进行定量预测分析,以科学地在应急救援及管理方面提出相应的对策。方法主要从有毒物质急性中毒伤害范围和毒物扩散的浓度分布两个方面进行事故后果定量分析与评价;采用事故泄漏概率和引起急性中毒死亡概率的耦合计算急性中毒事故风险概率。结果通过定量分析可以推断急性中毒职业病危害事故产生的后果及发生的概率,后果分析中采用了应急计划指南ERPG指标,用于指导企业制定突发急性中毒事件的应急预警范围,为应急救援管理提供理论依据。结论我们根据急性中毒事故后果定量分析的结果,可以为建设单位提出针对性预防控制措施建议,以加强作业场所的职业卫生管理和应急管理工作,积极预防各类泄漏中毒事故的发生,做好应对紧急情况的预警及各项准备工作,提高应急救援的能力。
Objective There exists the occurrence possibility of acute poisoning accident in the oil refining process in the petrochemical company. The quantitative risk analysis was made predictively for the consequence of acute poisoning caused by high toxic substances in order to put forward the countermeasures scientifically on the aspect of emergency rescue and management. Methods The two important parameters for risk analysis were the involved area of acute poisoning caused by toxic substances and the concentration distribution of toxic substances diffusion. The risk possibility was calculated by using the coupling calculation of leakage accident probability and death probability caused by acute poisoning. Results The consequence and occurrence probability of acute poisoning accident in this process were predicted. The ERPG （Emergency Response Planning Guidelines）index was quoted in the consequence analysis to help enterprises define correctly emergency response area and make effectively emergency rescue management. Conclusion The effective preventive and control measures were proposed to the construction enterprises based on the quantitative risk analysis of acute poisoning, in order to reinforce the occupational health and emergency management in the workplace; to actively prevent the occurrence of various leakage and poisoning accident; and to effectively warn and prepare for emergency events.
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2008年第3期141-145,共5页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
关键词
急性中毒
职业病危害
应急救援
应急预警
应急管理
Acute poisoning
Occupational hazard
Emergency rescue
Emergency warning
Emergency management
