摘要
宋代文献中,"乡原体例"一类的词汇时有出现,其含义大致是一定区域内被多数人所认可的地方惯例。从其实际内涵来看,包含"民间"与"官方"两个面相。从"民间"的角度来看,"乡原体例"属民间的土俗、乡例,所反映的是民间社会自我组织的能力与形式;从"官方"的角度来看,被纳入法令条文的"乡原体例"就成为地方官府运作法则的一部分,体现了赵宋政权与民间社会的相互调适。大体而言,官府常在田租收纳、赋役征发、平决词讼、修建公共工程、灾荒赈济等情况下认可某些"乡原体例",只不过表现的形式有所不同。官府采纳民间既有的惯例、规约,既出于行政便利的考虑,也在于惯例本身的效力与权威。而究其根源,各种土俗、乡例长期运作的内在动能并非来自官府,其权威的来源有着更为深厚的自然与历史背景。
In the literature of the Song China （A. D. 960-1279）, we often encounter terms like Xiangyuan Till （folk-custom）, which roughly means local practice or rules accepted by most of the people in a certain area. Connotation of Xiangyuan Till, in the daily life of the people, is usually composed of two aspects, folkways and government regulations. From the aspect of ＂folkways＂, Xiangyuan Tilirefers to folk customs and rules, reflecting the self-organizing ability of folk society and its organization forms; from the aspect of ＂government regulations＂, as a new term in the official ordinance, Xiangyuan Tilihas become part of the operating rules of the government, embodying the mutual accommodation of the Song government and folk society. Generally speaking, the government tended to adopt some Xiangyuan Till when collecting farm rents, levying taxes and corvee, settling lawsuits, building public projects, or relieving the people in stricken areas, yet with different ways of expression. Two factors have contributed to the government＇s adopting the established practice and rules of folk society, for the convenience of administration; and because of the power and authority of the practice and rules themselves.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2008年第3期98-106,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
乡原体例
地方
官府
民间
Xiangyuan Tili
locality
government
folkway
