摘要
宋元方志中的“乡里”类目源于更早时代的图经,而其中的地名解释、乡里风物等内容则是承袭了地记的传统。唐代图经记载“乡里”尚不普遍,且内容限于乡数,可能还有乡名。北宋方志记载“乡里”的情况已较普遍,其中祥符《州县图经》“统一体例”的编纂原则确立了“乡里”类目在方志中的地位,不过此时尚未以专门的类目统御之。南宋时,方志中的“乡里”部分进一步发展,表现在记录“乡里”方志的数量大增,“乡里”部分大多有了专门的类目,“乡里”内容大大丰富。“乡里”类目的存在,除了资政以及满足官员基层治理的需求外,还具有教化功能。宋元方志中“乡里”类目的所属关系及编排方式之所以表现出层级差异大、统辖关系模糊等杂乱无章的特点,原因可归结为:方志资料的多元来源、方志编纂的时空差异性、编修者的变化、宋代基层管理体系的“在地化”特色和宋代基层管理体系与方志书写之间存在落差等因素。
The category of“towns and villages”(乡里)in the local records of Song and Yuan Dynasties originated from earlier map books,and the explanations of the place name,local scenery and other contents inherited the tradition of the geographical records.It didn't wildly record the situation of“towns and villages”in map books of the Tang Dynasty,and the content were limited to the number and names of towns.In the Northern Song Dynasty,the local records of“towns and villages”have been very common.The compilation principle of“unified style”in Xiangfu's ZHOUXIANTUJING had established the position of“towns and villages”in the local records,but at this time,it has not been standardized by special categories.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the“towns and villages”in local records was further developed,which reflected in the its number increased greatly.At that time,most of the“towns and villages”had special categories and rich the content.The purpose of recording“towns and villages”not only meets the need to senior officials and grassroots governance,but also had educational function.The reason for the disorderly characteristics,such as the hierarchical differences and the vague jurisdictional relationships in the local chronicles of Song and Yuan Dynasty are as follows:the diverse sources of gazette materials,the temporal and spatial differences in the compilation,the change of the compilers;The“localization”features of the grassroots management system in the Song Dynasty,and there was a gap between the grassroots management system and the compilation of local records in the Song Dynasty.
出处
《史学史研究》
北大核心
2023年第2期102-112,122,共12页
Journal of Historiography
基金
国家社科基金后期资助项目“宋代县域空间关系研究”(项目编号:20FZSB028)阶段性成果。
关键词
宋元方志
图经
方志编纂
“乡里”类目
乡里制度
the local records of Song and Yuan Dynasty
map books
compilation of local records
category of“towns and villages”
system of towns and villages
