摘要
目的探讨兰州市大气污染对青春期发育阶段青少年肺功能的影响。方法于2005年12月15日—2006年2月15日(采暖期)对兰州市大气污染程度不同的3个区(西固区、城关区、榆中区)的部分大气污染物(PM2.5、SO2、NO2)进行为期15d的监测。采用整群抽样的方法在上述3个区各选取8~18岁青少年近500名作为研究对象,进行肺功能指标测定[最大肺活量(FVC)、第1秒最大呼气量(FEV1.0)、最大肺活量百分比(/FVC)、第1秒最大呼气量占最大肺活量百分比(FEV1.0/)、75/的容量率(V75)、50/的容量率(V50)、25/的容量率(V25)]。结果大气环境质量指数表现为西固区(5.595)>城关区(3.312)>榆中区(0.897)。城关区和西固区的PM2.5日平均浓度分别为0.120和0.233mg/m3,超过美国制定的PM2.5日均值标准(PM2.5≤0.065mg/m3),西固区NO2日平均浓度(0.085mg/m3)超过GB3095—1996二级标准(0.080mg/m3)。青少年各项肺功能指标(FVC,FEV1.0,/FVC,FEV1.0/,V25,V50,V75)均表现为西固区<城关区<榆中区,FVC,FEV1.0,/FVC,FEV1.0/在各调查点间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。青春发育前、中、后期各项肺功能指标表现为西固区<城关区<榆中区。肺通气功能阻塞型(FEV1.0/<70/)异常率(西固区、城关区、榆中区依次为12.4/、11.1/和5.7/)在3个区间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。偏相关性分析显示,FVC与PM2.5、SO2、NO2的日平均浓度间呈显著负相关(P<0.01),偏相关系数分别为-0.087、-0.097和-0.122。结论兰州市大气污染物PM2.5、SO2、NO2的综合作用对青春期青少年肺功能产生了危害,表现为肺通气功能阻塞性障碍,年龄越小影响越大,并表现出长期慢性的影响过程。
Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on juvenile lung function in Lanzhou city, China. Methods Using sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides(NOx) and particle matters(PM2.5) as the parameters, the air quality was monitored for 15 consecutive days in the heating period in 2005, the questionnaire survey and the lung function examination (FVC, FEV1.0, %FVC, FEV1.0%, V25, V50, V75) were conducted among 1 400 juveniles aged 8-18 years in Xigu area(a heavy air pollution area, site A),in Chengguan area (relative slight polluted area, site B) and in Yuzhong area(relative clean area, site C). Results The daily average concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 in Lanzhou city in site A and B were higher than the country environmental air quality standard limits. As for the air quality index, site A〉site B〉site C. As for the pulmonary function indexes, site A 〈site B 〈site C. The abnormal lung function was related to the age, but not sex, the younger children were easy to be attacked. The main health effect of the air pollution was chronic obstructive pulmonary disfunction. Conclusion The heavy air pollution in Lanzhou city, China has an adverse effect on the lung function of the local juveniles.
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第6期415-418,共4页
Journal of Environment and Health
基金
兰州市科技重点项目基金资助项目(03-2-28)
关键词
大气污染
呼吸系统
青少年
Air pollution
Respiratory system
Adolescent