摘要
论文用生态足迹理论和方法,定量研究哈尔滨市城乡居民食物、生活用品、生活用能、水资源、住区和生活污染等6类消费项的环境压力,为引导城市化发展和城乡居民建立可持续消费模式提供科学依据。结果显示,1985～2003年哈尔滨市人均生活消费的环境压力不断增大,并在此期间超过生态承载力,产生生态赤字。城镇居民生活消费及各分项足迹均大于农村居民,差距呈加大趋势。在消费构成上,城镇和农村居民的食物消费足迹最大,2003年两者分别为1.054hm^2/人和0.711hm^2/人,城镇人均动物性食物消费数量显著大于农村,是其食物足迹较大的主要原因;在生态空间占用上,耕地占用面积最大,城乡居民分别为0.947hm^2/人和0.700hm^2/人,分别占其总足迹的58.7%和73.4%。研究表明,城镇化发展和消费升级将进一步加大区域环境压力。
One cause of the increasingly serious enviromnent problem in China is residents＇ improving living consumption,which not only brings waste water,garbage and other environmental negative effects directly,but also is the ultimate causation of eco-environmental stress as the one main part and the fundamental drive of social reproduction.Governments of every level in China are always setting it as a development goal to improve people＇s standard of living,which may make us in a dilemma as the progress of heightening living standard probably means to occupy more resources and to worsen environment.More and more researchers pay attention to the environmental effects and resources consumption of residents＇ living.
In this paper,the authors research the eco-environmental stresses from urban and rural residents＇ living consumption of Harbin city by applying the theory and method of ecological footprint（EF）, and analyze the differences of the consumption structure and its eco-environmental effects between urban and rural residents＇.The aim is to show the scientific argument for establishing a sustainable consumption style and modulating the urbanization progress.
The concept of EF was advanced by the two Canadan ecological economists,William Rees and Wackernagel in 1991,and has been applied extensively to assess sustainable development,to evaluate regional ecological asset,to analyze residents＇ consumption and so on.The authors calculate and analyse the EF of 6 items of living consumption （including food,clothes and other commodity, energy,water resource,dwelling house and waste） of Harbin city between 1985 and 2003.Becanse of the differences existing between urban and rural areas in living standard and consumption structure, the EFs of urban and rural residents are calculated respectively.
The results show that the EF rose from 0.620 ha/person to 1.268 ha/person from 1985 to 2003,and exceeded the ecological capacity （1.102 ha） in 1998.The urban residents＇ EF and that of rural residents＇
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第5期756-765,共10页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
哈尔滨市人口发展战略研究项目
江苏省环境科技基金项目(2003049)。
关键词
居民生活消费
环境压力
生态足迹
可持续消费
哈尔滨市
residents＇ living consumption
eco-environmental stress
ecological footprint
sustainable consumption
Harbin city
