摘要
"支那"一词源于梵文"cina",是外国人对中国的称呼。关于这个词的原意,学术界进行了热烈的讨论。从历史文献学的角度对"支那"一词的词义进行探讨,认为"支那"是一个超越了时空概念的词汇,借指所有中原王朝。对于"支那"一词的使用范围,笔者认为在东西文化发生大规模碰撞之前,在一些佛教界人士中使用相对较多。日本在明治维新以前也很少使用"支那"一词称呼中国,明治维新以后特别是甲午战争以后,随着日本军国主义的抬头,在日本教育中,把中国说成"支那",意在把中国人说成是野蛮、落伍和无能的一群人,"支那"一词也逐渐由褒义转向贬义,抗日战争胜利后"支那"一词在日本从国家层面上才开始停止使用。
In etymology ＂Zhina（Shina）＂ traces back to ＂cina＇, a Sanskrit word used by foreigners to call China. As for its original intention, there have been hot discussions. This paper presents a discussion from the angle of the historical literature study, indicating that this word surmounted space and time concept and was used to refer to all dynasties south of Yellow River. As for the usage scope of this word, the author points out that it was mainly used in the Buddhism circle before the largescale collision between eastern and western cultures. In Japan, it was seldom used before Meiji Reformation, but after Meiji Reformation, particularly after the Sino-Japanese War in 1894-1895, along with Japanese militarism gaining ground, this word was used to call China in Japanese education, with the implication to debase the Chinese people as barbaric, backward and incompetent, and thus the meaning of the word gradually changed from commendatory to derogatory. After China＇s victory of the Resistance War against Japanese invaders in the 1930s, this word began to fall out of use at state levels in Japan.
关键词
支那
佛教
历史文献
Zhina（Shina）
Buddhism
historical literature
