摘要
模拟高能气体压裂（HEGF）条件。在容积100mL的密闭爆发器中使5种工业品弹装火药爆燃，控制最大压力约为65MPa，然后在20℃测定生成气中各种气体的浓度（单位为g／ms），结果如下：002，50．3-168；09，670-800；CH4，1．21-5．88；HCN（仅在使用3号火药时生成），55．41×10^-3；使3号火药分别与石油伴生气、石油醚、原油混合爆燃，则生成气中CO浓度约增加一倍，HCN浓度约增加4～10倍。讨论了各种气体的生成化学反应，认为CO的二次生成反应包括热解反应和催化反应；HCN是由含硝基有机化合物生成的。实测了频繁发生CO中毒事故的陕北某低渗油田4口HEGF施工井井口空气中CO浓度随时间的变化，CO高峰浓度在3个井口为2000g／ms，1个井口为5000g／ms，维持时间为2-4小时，6小时后完全消散。在产生高CO浓度的施工井。除使用大功率排风机外，建议使用CO吸收装置。图5表4参5。
Five commercial grades of powder for HEGF are exploded at simulation conditions of HEGF in an airtight exploding equipment of volume 100 mL with maximal pressure controlled at ca 65 MPa, the composition of combustion gas is analyzed and the concentration of constituent gaseous substances determined in g/ms at 20℃ is as follows： CO2, 50.3-168; CO,670-800; CH4, 1.21-5.88; and HCN （with powder No. 3 only）, 55.41 × 10^-3; for powder No. 3 exploded in mixture with oil well gas, petroleum ether or crude oil, the CO and HCN concentrations in combustion gas are increased by a factor of about 2 and 4-10, respectively. The gas forming chemical reactions are discussed and the secondary CO forming reactions appear to be pyrolytic and catalytic reactions; HCN is originated from organic nitro compounds. At a low permeability oil field in North Shaanxi, where CO poisoning accidents were occured rather frequently, the CO concentration in air around the wellhead during HEGF operations in four wells is determined： peak values of 2000 g/m^3 for three wells and of 5000 g/m^3 for one well maintained for 2-4 hrs and CO in air completely disappeared in 6 hrs. CO absorption at wellhead is recommended as an additional measure against CO poisoning besides of powerful ventilation in cases of high concentrated CO creation around the wellhead in HEGF operations.
出处
《油田化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期127-130,142,共5页
Oilfield Chemistry
基金
西安石油大学科技创新基金项目资助(项目编号2006-37)
国家西部科技行动计划重大攻关项目"陕甘宁盆地低渗油田高效开发与水资源可持续发展关键技术研究"(项目编号2005BA901A13)
关键词
高能气体压裂(HEGF)
弹装火药
爆燃气
组成分析
生成反应
一氧化碳浓度
井口
一氧化碳中毒
防治措施
high energy gas fracturing （HEGF）
explosive powder
explosion/combustion gas
composition determination
formation reactions
carbon monaxide concentration
wellhead
carbon monaxide poisoning
