摘要
中华鲟（ＡｃｉｐｅｎｓｅｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＧｒａｙ）是一种洄游性的鲟科鱼类，平时生活于海洋，亲鲟成熟后溯游到江河里繁殖。在长江葛洲坝修筑以前，中华鲟产卵场位于长江上游和金沙江下游江段。６０—７０年代中期，一些科研单位对上游中华鲟繁殖群体及产卵场等进行了较为全面的调查，撰写出版了《长江鲟鱼类生物学与人工繁殖研究》（１９８８），中华鲟的人工繁殖也于１９７１年首获成功。葛洲坝枢纽建成以后，中华鲟繁殖群体被阻隔于葛洲坝下游宜昌江段，围绕大坝对中华鲟生存带来的不利影响以及其物种保护问题，中国科学院水生生物研究所和长江水产研究所对长江中华鲟的资源动态进行了持续多年的监测，开展了多项研究。本文对上述的研究成果和进展予以综合报道。研究结果表明，建坝后滞留于宜昌江段的中华鲟繁殖群体结构年际间相对稳定，成熟雌鲟的卵径、绝对和相对繁殖力等指标与建坝前无显著差异；葛洲坝下游宜昌江段具备中华鲟产卵所需的水文、底质等基本条件，自１９８２年以来，每年都有中华鲟的产卵活动发生，主要的产卵场稳定；１９８３年起采取严格禁止商业捕捞和保护产卵场等保护措施后，长江河口地区中华鲟幼鱼资源显著回升，中华鲟亲鱼的成熟比例也显著增加，达到４５％—９２．６?
The ecological effects of Chinese sturgeon blocked below the Gezhouba Dam and effectiveness of protective measures for the fish were summarized in the paper. After the construction of the Gezhouba Dam,the reproductive stock structure of the sturgeon has been relatively stable. Certain river sections below the dam could meet the spawning demands,and the newly-formed spawning ground has been considered to play a vital role in maintenance of the species' existence. Since the sturgeon commercial fishing was prohibited restrictly along the Yangtze River and the new spawning ground was protected in 1983,the resource of juvenile sturgeon at the estuary and the proportion of fully mature fish in stocks have increased remarkably,Although the Gezhouba Dam does not threaten the existence of the Chinese sturgeon,the direct or indirect impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the sturgeon should be given high attention.
关键词
鱼纲
鲟科
中华鲟
保护生物学
Acipenser sinensis,Conservation biology,The Gezhouba Dam,The Three Gorges Dam
