摘要
1927年国民政府定都南京,为重建新的学术中心,将东南大学等校合并成首都最高学府。同时,国民政府也率先在此进行大学区制试验。在两年半的试验过程中,首都大学与中央政府、江苏地方政府之间,围绕校名的确立、经费分配和人事安排进行了一系列的明争暗斗。在政局变动的大背景下,1929年底中央大学区制在一片反对声中被取消。设计者本是从学术独立化的角度提出大学区制,但在实际的操作中却陷入政治纷扰之中,显示出教育制度移植过程中深受国情制约的一面;同时,中央大学区制在实验中也演变成为国立大学挤占地方教育资源的制度依托,集中反映出这一时期中央与地方在教育资源分配中的矛盾冲突,尤其是国民政府在建设“首都最高学府”中“心有余而力不足”的窘境。
In 1927,the Nationalist Government chose Nanjing as its capital.In order to build a new academic center,the Government combined Southeastern University with other colleges to make the capital's highest educational institution.At the same time,the Government tried to implement a university district system.Over the course of this two and a half year experiment,the capital university clashed both openly and behind the scenes with the central government and the Jiangsu provincial government over such issues as choosing the university's name,allocating funds,and personnel arrangements.Amidst a changing political situation and opposed by more and more people,the central university district system was dismantled in late 1929.Its designers had proposed the university district system out of concern for academic independence,but in practice it was embroiled in political disputes.This indicates that the transplant of a foreign educational system was constrained by national conditions.At the same time,the central university district system gradually became in the course of the experiment an instrument through which national universities could get hold of local educational resources.This is a concentrated reflection of the contradictions and conflicts between the central government and the local governments over the distribution of educational resources.In particular,it reflects how the Nationalist government's embarrassment as its abilities fell short of its ambitions in building “the capital's highest educational institution”.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第2期40-60,共21页
Modern Chinese History Studies
