摘要
上世纪70年代的两次石油危机,对高度依赖石油消费的美国经济造成了重创,使美国陷入了严重的经济衰退。随后,美国政府采取了加强国家能源管理和规划、放开原油价格管制、鼓励石油节约和替代等一系列的政策和措施。其中包括:执行汽车燃料经济性标准,减缓交通运输用油的增长;成立能源部,负责综合能源政策制定和能源工业管理;通过立法,限制石油消费,鼓励石油替代;取消石油价格管制,促进节油;制定综合能源政策,鼓励交通运输部门燃料替代。这些政策和措施取得了显著的成效,汽车燃油经济性提高,交通运输部门石油消费增速减缓,美国经济发展对石油的依赖显著降低,每万美元GDP消费的石油从1978年的1.8吨下降到2004年的1.0吨。石油危机后美国所采取的政策和措施对中国具有现实借鉴意义。
The 1973 and 1978 oil crises took a heavy toll on the oil-dependent US economy, plunging it into a serious downturn. In an effort to improve energy planning and management, loosen control over crude oil prices and promote fuel efficiency and energy alternatives, the US government implemented a series of policies and measures, including enforcing strict fuel-economy standards on cars, reducing the growth in oil consumption by the transportation industry, setting up an energy department to make energy policy, encouraging the use of energy alternatives through legislation, and ending oil price regulation in an effort to promote economical oil use. They proved instrumental in increasing automotive fuel efficiency, slowing down oil consumption by the transportation sector and, therefore, reducing the US economy's reliance upon oil. The US's oil consumption for each 10,000 dollars of GDP dropped from 1.8 tons in 1978 to 1.0 ton in 2004. These policies and measures are a valuable reference for China T
出处
《国际石油经济》
2006年第11期28-31,共4页
International Petroleum Economics
