摘要
酒神与日神精神是从同一现实生活中分裂出来的两种彼此对立的宗教情绪。前者是肉体的沉醉,表现为一种纵欲的对感性生活、肉体存在的忘乎所以的肯定;后者是精神的沉醉,表现为一种禁欲的对精神世界、宇宙本原的不顾一切的追求。从社会历史的角度上看,前者体现了母系社会的流风余韵,代表了受到文明压抑的女性群体对男权社会等级秩序的一种反动;后者则体现了父系社会的秩序与法则,代表了占统治地位的男性群体对既有文明的捍卫与维护。从精神分析学的角度看,前者是遭受压抑的文明人尽情宣泄感性欲望、释放原始快感的理由和借口;后者则是这种被压抑的心理能量变相升华的手段和渠道。于是,通过这两种宗教崇拜仪式,在古希腊人的心理结构中,感性与理性、肉体与灵魂、经验与超验之间彻底分裂了。进而言之,这一分裂对西方社会的文化结构和社会结构都曾产生过至深至远的影响。
The spirits of Dionysus and Apollo are two kinds of religious emotions, the former being the carnal intoxication which expresses as the kind of indulgent and swollen--headed affirmation to sensual living and carnal existence and the latter being the mental intoxication which expresses as a kind of ascetic pursuit to the inner world and nature of the uni verse regardless of everything else. Viewed from social history, the former reflects the lingering influence of the matrilineal society, representing the effort of the depressed female group to the estate and order of the male society, and the latter reflects the order and rule of the patrilineal society, representing the defense of the male group who occupies the dominant position to the actual civilization. In the psychoanalytic perspective, the former is the reason or excuse for the depressed humans to fully release the sensual desire and innate sensation; and the latter is the way and means for the psychological energy to realize the disguised sublimation. Thus, through these two kinds of religious rituals, the sensual and the sense, the body and the soul, as well as experience and transcendence split thoroughly in the psychological structure of the Greeks, which had exerted the most far-reaching influence to the cultural and social structure of the Western society.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第6期35-44,共10页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
基金
山东省"十五"重点项目"中国与欧洲的文化差异及其在审美领域中的表现"(批号:018YJ14)
"教育部高校青年教师奖励资助计划"成果。
关键词
西方
宗教
酒神
日神
the West
religion
Dionysus
Apollo
