摘要
研究探讨了注意缺陷障碍儿童与正常儿童之间,混合型与注意缺陷型ADHD儿童之间内源与外源注意定向功能的差异。ADHD儿童及与之匹配的正常儿童对照组分别参与了两个实验,实验一采用了内源性内隐注意定向任务,实验二采用了外源性内隐注意定向任务。研究表明:(1)ADHD儿童与正常儿童相比,在注意定向过程(注意解除、转移与施加)上有一定缺陷。(2)ADHD儿童注意定向网络功能有缺陷,与反应水平上动作准备有关的注意功能可能受损。(3)两种亚类型儿童注意定向功能缺陷模式不同。在内源定向上,混合型与注意缺陷型相比较,混合型ADHD儿童表现为有较强的反应冲动性;注意缺陷型儿童,主要表现为注意加工过程比较缓慢,注意更易涣散。在外源定向上,混合型儿童在反应的运动准备及运动控制方面的缺陷要大于注意缺陷型儿童。
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a cognitive behavior developmental disorder. Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity are three major characters of ADHD. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the covert orienting deficits in children with ADHD and the potential differences between predominantly inattentive subtype and combined subtype. This cognitive-behavioral study shed light on the impairment of both endogenous covert orienting and exogenous covert orienting mechanisms underlying children with two main kinds of ADHD subtypes. Specifically, we examined 1 ） the potential deficits of children with ADHD in tasks tapping into endogenous and exogenous orienting; 2） the potential differences between ADHD children of the predominantly inattentive subtype and children of the combined subtype. ADHD children diagnosed by clinicians using the DSM-IV criteria and matched normal children took part in two experiments. Experiment 1 involved an endogenous covert orienting task while Experiment 2 involved an exogenous covert orienting task.
The results showed that, compared with normal children, ADHD children had deficits in covert orienting. Moreover, results suggested that ADHD children had deficits in motor attention （related to covert preparation of limb movements） The data also showed that, ADHD children of the combined subtype and the predominantly inattentive subtype had different mode of deficits in the orienting network. Children of the combined subtype had shorter reaction time than children of the predominantly inattentive subtype in endogenous orienting. But the error rate was not significantly different between these two subtypes. There was no significant difference in reaction time in exogenous orienting. Children of combined subtype, however, had a higher error rate than children of predominantly inattentive subtype. This result suggested that combined subtype had more attention deficits＇ at response preparation level.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第5期709-717,共9页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
