摘要
通过两个实验对中文语篇理解中相关背景信息的激活与整合到底是即时发生抑或延时进行这一问题进行了探讨。研究所用的阅读材料都包含一个目标句,它与局部语境一致,但与前文提供的背景信息冲突或无关。实验一采用自定步速逐行阅读技术,考察了一致性条件以及句子结束的标记(即句号)是否存在对目标句阅读时间的影响。结果发现,句子结束的标记是否存在并不影响目标句整合加工的进行。实验二运用眼动追踪技术着重探讨信息整合加工能否在目标句关键区中即时进行,实验条件仍为当前信息与背景信息的一致性,重点考察其对目标句中关键前区、关键区及关键后区的作用。结果表明,自变量的操纵导致关键区中反映初次加工的指标产生可靠的效应。这一结果表明中文语篇理解中整合加工的过程开始得非常迅速,是一个即时引发、而非延时进行的过程。
Introduction In the literature, there are two well-known positions concerning how new, incoming information is integrated with prior context during reading for comprehension. These include the immediacy hypothesis, which proposes that all comprehension processes are immediately executed when a new piece of information in a text is encountered, and the delayed comprehension hypothesis, which states that integrating the new information with context is delayed until reaching syntactic boundaries.
There is some evidence for the idea that both low- and high-level processes can occur immediately in reading. However, most previous research on the topic has been done in European languages. Since non-European languages such as Chinese and European languages differ in many important aspects, it is not clear whether the same processes are utilized to comprehend information expressed in the different languages. For example, unlike words in European languages, words in Chinese are not transparent units and do not have inflectional markings to indicate various forms of syntactic information. Indeed, given the special properties of Chinese words, some researchers have suggested that higher mental processes in reading Chinese would not be expected to function in an immediate manner.
Two experiments were designed to explore which of the two mentioned hypotheses can better account for the time course of integration in reading Chinese text.
Experiment 1 A self-paced, line-by-line, reading paradigm was used, in which participants read through a text by pressing a key each time they wanted a new line of text to appear. The participants were asked to read 12 short passages, each containing a target sentence that fitted well within the local context, but was either inconsistent with or irrelevant to background information from the early part of the text.
Result 1 A significant slowdown in reading time was observed on the target line in the inconsistent condition relative to the irrelevant, control condition. Also, the same patt
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第5期645-653,共9页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
教育部全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项基金(200208)
香港研究资助局资助(CUHK4142/04H)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(05JZD00034)的资助
关键词
语篇理解
汉语
自定步速的阅读
眼动追踪技术
discourse comprehension, Chinese, self-paced reading procedure, eye-movement recording.
