摘要
尧舜禅让,古代以为信史。20世纪20年代,有学者提出异议,以为它只是一个传说,这传说是禅让思想的一部分,出自墨家的创造。揆诸史籍,可知,墨家的确传诵过尧举舜而立为天子的故事,对禅让说的传播有推波助澜的作用,但那只是出于宣传尚贤尚同主义的需要,为选官治官而设,并非严格意义上的禅让说。而在儒家,孔子早就盛赞尧舜;尧舜禅让以及与之直接相关的歷数观念在今本《论语》中又有明确反映,这个观念在从周公到孔子的儒家渊源中有着丰富的资源;儒家数观的实质是天命有德,儒家的天命有德思想可为禅让说提供直接的理论基础和前提,儒家的尊贤、墨家的尚贤,后世与“禅让”直接相关的新五德终始说,都可纳入其中。春秋战国时期禅让说的兴起,儒家有直接的关系。
The abdication of Yao and Shun was regarded as real history in ancient China but doubted in the early 20th century. Some scholars in the 1920s suggested that the abdication was just a legend made by the Moists in the Warring States period rather than the Confucians before in the late Spring and Autumn period who used to be believed as the first tellers of the story. The Moists, according to my research, however, only emphasized respecting the able men who could be selected as officers at governments including the kings, the highest officers. But they did not take replacing the monarchs as their goal. The Confuciansl whereas, believed in the mandate of Heaven under which only those with great virtue and deeply loved by all the people could be selected and appointed as the monarchs by the Heaven. The Confucian belief in the mandate of Heaven laid a foundation for the abdication theory. And Yao and Shun were the legend heroes in the Confucian classics. Therefore, the Confucians were much more likely to be responsible for the invention of the abdic＇ation theory.
出处
《管子学刊》
CSSCI
2006年第3期78-83,共6页
GuanZi Journal
关键词
尧舜
禅让
“臃数”
“尚贤”
儒家
墨家
天命论
Yao and Shun
abdication
the Confucians
the Moists
the mandate of Heaven theory
