摘要
“于／於”是古汉语中的常用虚词,以往的一些研究著作中描写了“于／於”的多种用法,本文则对“于／於”的看似纷繁复杂的用法提出一种概括,指出“于／於”从语义上看,是古汉语中非受事成分的标志,可以用来引进除典型受事以外的任何与动词有关的名词性成分。从句法上看,“于／於”是非宾语名词性成分的标记,动词与“于／於+名词性成分”构成的不是中心语与补足语形成的最低层次的动词短语,而是更高一级的动词短语,“于／於+名词性成分”充当的是附加语。“于／於”的存在表明在上古汉语中宾语与非宾语的区分是十分重要的。“于／於”的功能在后代的衰落促进了汉语各种语义格标记的兴起以及动宾式复合词的词汇化。
＂Yu＂（于/於） is one of the most frequently used functional words in old Chinese. Previous studies listed many uses of ＂Yu＂（于/於）, that seem to be very complicated. In this paper, we put forward a unified interpretation of ＂Yu＂（于/於 ）. Semantically, ＂Yu＂（于/於） can be seen as a marker of ＂non-patient＂ roles, and it can introduce various nominal elements related to the verb except for typical patient. Syntactically, ＂Yu＂（于/於） can be seen as a marker of ＂non-object＂ constituents, and all the nominal elements introduced by ＂Yu＂（于/於） can not be analyzed as objects. The constituent comprising ＂Yu＂（于/於） and nominal elements is located at V＇ level, and it functions as adjunct. The existence of ＂Yu＂（于/於） shows that the distinction between objects and non-objects was critical in old Chinese. The declination of ＂Yu＂（于/於） after the Han Dynasty （汉） promoted the development of various kinds of semantic case markers and the lexicalization of verb-object compounds.
出处
《古汉语研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第2期2-8,共7页
Research in Ancient Chinese Language
关键词
上古汉语
及物性
宾语
介词
old Chinese
transitivity
object
preposition
