摘要
内皮功能障碍可导致兼具胰岛素抵抗特征的心血管疾病。胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病、肥胖以及代谢综合征等一系列代谢紊乱的标志，而这些代谢紊乱具有内皮功能障碍的特征。促进葡萄糖处理的胰岛素代谢反应可被内皮中胰岛素的血管反应增强以刺激血管扩张剂NO的产生。事实上，由胰岛素刺激所产生的葡萄糖摄取量的增加中，25％～40％可通过骨骼肌中NO-依赖性血流的增加来解释。与NO产生相关的内皮中3-磷酸激酶依赖的胰岛素信号通路，与骨骼肌中促进葡萄糖摄取的代谢通路有着惊人的相似。其他已经明确的非代谢性旁路调节内皮中血管收缩药内皮因子-1（ET-1）的分泌。代谢性胰岛素抵抗具有在3-磷酸激酶依赖信号通路特异性损坏的特征，在内皮中，这也许会引起NO产生和ET-1分泌的失衡，从而导致血流减少继而使胰岛素抵抗加剧。在动物和人类中开展的治疗性干预证明，改善内皮功能可改善胰岛素抵抗，同时改善胰岛素敏感性可改善内皮功能障碍。总之，细胞学、生理学、临床医学以及流行病学研究都强烈支持内皮功能障碍与胰岛素抵抗存在相互关系，这种关系有助于将心血管疾病和代谢疾病联系起来。本综述将讨论内皮功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗的相关病理生理学机制，并重点强调这个机制对代谢综合症的冶疗意义。
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular diseases that are also characterized by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome that are also characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Metabolic actions of insulin to promote glucose disposal are augmented by vascular actions of insulin in endothelium to stimulate production of the vasodilator nitric oxide （NO）. Indeed, NO-dependent increases in blood flow to skeletal muscle account for 25% to 40% of the increase in glucose uptake in response to insulin stimulation. PI 3-kinase-dependent insulin signaling pathways in endothelium related to production of NO share striking similarities with metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle that promote glucose uptake. Other distinct non-metabolic branches of insulin signaling pathways regulate secretion of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 （ET-1） in endothelium. Metabolic insulin resistance is characterized by pathway-specific impairment in PI 3-kinase-dependent signaling that in endothelium may cause imbalance between production of NO and secretion of ET-1 leading to decreased blood flow that worsens insulin resistance. Therapeutic interventions in both animal models and human studies demonstrate that improving endothelial function ameliorates insulin resistance while improving insulin sensitivity ameliorates endothelial dysfunction. Taken together, cellular, physiological, clinical, and epidemiological studies strongly support a reciprocal relationship between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance that helps to link cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, pathophysiological mechanisms that couple endothelial dysfunction with insulin resistance will be discussed with an emphasis on important therapeutic implications for the metabolic syndrome.
出处
《中南大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第3期305-312,共8页
Journal of Central South University ：Medical Science
基金
IntramuralresearchprogramoftheNIH,NCCAH
关键词
内皮功能紊乱
胰岛素抵抗
高血压
糖尿病
endothelial dysfunction
insulin resistance
hypertension
diabetes
