摘要
作为部门法的民法,源自古代欧洲的罗马法,当时叫“市民法”,后被注入“私法”、“私权法”、“市民社会的法”等诸多信息。中国通过日本从西方民法及至罗马私法那里继受了作为表征基本部门法的民法。西方传统理解民法或私法的实质含义,是在个人与国家对立的基础上进行的。民法以人为中心,以权利为基点,以行为手段,以责任为保障。民法上的人即市民、私人、私主体,含自然人、法人、非法人团体等。近代社会的个人是个人主义的个人,而现代的个人是兼顾社会乃至自然理念中的个人。称民法人是“经济人”、“具体人”、“抽象人”等多是用作分析民法问题的方法。兼顾社会乃至自然的个人主义和自由主义是民法的哲学基础。民法并未真正社会化。民法所涉及的领域是有限的。民法在精神方面追求平等和自由。这些都涉及到民法本位即民法的中心任务和价值标准问题。
Civil law regarded as a branch law originally originated from ancient European Roman Law, which was called ＂Civil Law＂ at the time, and was poured with much information such as ＂Private Law＂, ＂Private Right Law＂, ＂Civil Society Law＂ etc. China inherited civil law as a basic branch law from the Western civil law up to lus privatum by Japan. The Western tradition understood the essential meaning of civil law or private law on the base of that the individual and the state are contrary. Civil law the law of equals is human law. The essence and standard of civil law establishing and protecting private right as its own task seeks equality and freedom in the field of spirit. That may involve the problem of civil law standard.
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第8期20-23,共4页
Hebei Law Science
基金
国家教育部人文社科研究课题<民法哲学研究>(03JD820010)成果之一
关键词
民法
罗马法
私法
个人福利
兼顾社会乃至自然
civil law
Roman Law
private law
individual interests
with social and natural apprehension
