摘要
黑河流域地处干旱的甘(甘肃)蒙(内蒙古)西部,是这一带最大、全国第二大内陆水系。黑河水源于祁连山,山区岩石风化后,地表径流和地下径流携带大量可溶性盐类(主要是NaHCO3和Na2CO3)向黑河灌区汇集,使得该片土地盐分含量不断增加,土壤理化性质遭到破坏。人类在生产和生活中的不合理活动也加剧了盐碱化的发生,这是河西走廊盐碱化面积不断扩大,盐碱化程度逐渐加强的主要原因。盲目毁草开荒,过度放牧、樵柴及采草,导致草原严重退化。特别是草原开荒将地下的盐碱翻到了地表,不利于植物生长。植被的大量减少又加剧了地表的蒸发作用,将盐碱带到地表,从而加剧了土地盐碱化。在自然因素和人为因素的共同作用下,盐碱化土地和碱斑面积不断增加,出现了连片的碱斑和不毛之地。在盐碱化土地的治理和恢复中,要坚持因地制宜和可持续的原则,根据盐碱化的程度、特征,及当地的经济和社会状况,选择切实可行的措施。黑河灌区修复改良盐碱土的可行性措施大致可归纳为四个方面,即农业技术措施、水利工程措施、生物改良措施和化学改良措施。
Heihe River is located in the dry area of western Gansu Province and Mengolia region, it is the second largest continental river in China. The water of Heihe River comes form Qilian Mountain. The rock of the area weathered, the surface river and subterranean river gathered in the Heihe River irrigated area with large amount of solubile saline （mainly NaHCO3 and Na2CO3）, making the proportion of saline of this area increasing steadily, and the soiled destroyed greatly. The improper activities in human productivity and life also increasing the chances of salinization, and it is the main reason of the continual increase of salinized area and the damage of salinization, Blindly reclaiming wasteland, over pasturing, lumbering make the grassland seriously deteriorated. Over reclaiming wasteland brings the under surface saline-alkali to the surface land, and increases the salinization. Due to these natural and human factors, the salinization became more and more serious, leading to a stretch of saline-alkali spots, even barren land. In the recovery and control of the saline-alkali lands in irrigated area, we should stick to the suit measures to local conditions and sustainable development, and choose .some effective measures according to the degree and character of salinized area and its local economy, society and ecological environment. From the author＇s point of view, there are four feasible measures to improve the situation of salinization in Heihe River irrigated area, namely agricultural techniques, water conservancy project, biogeographical improvement and chemical improvement.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第2期107-110,共4页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然基金重点项目"黑河流域生态恢复问题的研究"(40235053)
关键词
黑河灌区
盐碱化
修复
调控
Hcihe irrigated area
salinization
recovery
control
