摘要
历史分期是从总体上把握历史体系的有效方法,近代以来史学界围绕中国历史分期作过长期探讨,而至今仍聚讼纷纭。当下流行的历史分期,将以君主集权为特征的秦至清两千余年称“封建社会”,有悖“封建”本义,且与社会性状全然不同的西欧中世纪封建制、日本中世及近世幕藩制混为一谈。而在此种泛化封建观出现以前及之后,曾有中国学人将这一历史阶段称“君主专制全盛之时代”、“霸朝”、“统一的郡县帝国时期”等等；欧美日本学者也多将先秦称“封建社会”,将秦至清称“家产官僚制”社会、“官僚主义”社会等,均不赞成以“封建社会”指称秦至清两千多年。其实,秦汉至明清去封建渐远,称“封建社会”名不副实。这两千年间贯穿性三制度是：宗法制、地主制、专制帝制。故宜以“宗法地主专制社会”称之。
The division of history is a effective way for holding the historical system. From modern times, the historian circle has taken a long investigation around the division of Chinese history＇ but scholars are at variance with each other as usual. The present popular view about the division does go against the original meaning of ＂feudal＂, which named ＂feudal society＂ after the two thousand years from Qin to Qing dynasty that have a character for autocratic monarchy. It also confused with medieval feudal system in Western Europe and medieval and modern shogunate system in Japan. Before and after this, some Chinese scholars called the period ＂the golden age of autocratic monarchy＂, ＂hegemonist society＂, ＂centralized empire of prefecture and counties＂, and so on. The European, American, Japanese scholars were also opposed to call the period ＂feudal society＂, but call pre-Qin period ＂feudal society＂, and call the period from Qin to Qing dynasty ＂patriarchal and bureaucratic system＂ society, ＂bureaucracy＂ society, and so on. The author drew a conclusion that it is more in name than reality to call the period ＂feudal system＂, there are three systems ran through the two thousand years： patriarchal system, landlord system and autocratic monarchy. It＇s better to call the period ＂patriarchal landlord autocratic society＂.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第4期96-102,共7页
Academic Monthly
关键词
历史分期
社会形态
封建社会
宗法地主专制社会
中国
命名
the division of history, social formation, feudal society, patriarchal landlord autocratic society
