摘要
本文比较香港与内地判决书的异同,对两地两个各有一百万字的判决书语料库进行对比分析。香港的判决书语料库共有400份判决书,合计1,039,255字。内地的判决书语料库共有387份判决书,合计1,076,020字。比较两类语料,有四个主要发现。(一)就法律用语而言,香港的一些法律用语不统一,如香港的法院或法官自称有“本庭”,“本席”,“我们”,“我等”,“本院”,“本法院”,“本上诉庭”共八种之多,内地则统一用“本院”一词。从人称代词的百分率来说,香港的判决书中第一与第二人称代词占22%,内地的第一与第二人称代词占52%。对照Yates(1996)等人的分析,上述百分率说明,香港的判决书比较接近书面语,内地的判决书比较接近口语。(二)就一般用语而言,香港的判决书时见方言词语,而文言词语的使用比内地的判决书为多,内地判决书基本上都使用语体词语。(三)就语法而言,香港的判决书有方言语法,不良的欧化语法也比内地判决书多。(四)香港判决书中,判决理由占总字数50.36%,内地则为28.9%。说明香港判决书对判决理由有比较详细的论证。总之,两地的判决书都表现了庄重的风格。本文的比较研究有助于两地判决书取长补短,进一步走向完善。
In order to compare the legal judgments of Hong Kong and the authors develop two computerized corpuses ： （ 1 ） the database of legal judgmen China's Mainland, the ts of Hong Kong consisting of 400 judgments with 1,039,255 characters in total, and （2） the database of legal judgments of China consisting of 387 judgments with 1,070,020 characters in total. After analyzing the two database, we have four major findings： （ 1 ） in terms of vocabulary, some legal words in the judgments of Hong Kong are not standardized. For examples, there are eight different espressions for the judges to call themselves, while there is only one for the same purpose in legal judgements of China's Mainland. （2） There are frequent uses of Cantonese words in Hong Kong＇ s judgments. The frequency of classical Chinese words in Hong Kong＇ s judgments is higher than that in the judgments in the China's Mainland. And the frequency of words in the vernacular in the China's Mainland＇ s judgments is higher than that in Hong Kong＇ s judgments. （3） In terms of syntax, Hong Kong＇ judgments contain sentences with Cantonese grammar and have more inappropriate westernized sentences than the Mainland＇ s judgments. （4） Hong Kong judgments are more elaborate in their ratio decidendi, which account for 50.36% of the total number of characters in the corpus, as opposed to only 28.9% in the case of Mainland judgments. Those four findings can contribute to the improvement of language for legal judgments in Hong Kong and the China's Mainland.
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第2期35-42,共8页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
关键词
判决书
法律用语
粤语词语
粤语语法
文言词
legal judgment
legal words and expressions
Cantonese words
Cantonese grammar
classical Chinese words
