摘要
对植被原生演替的国内外研究进展进行了评述。植被原生演替过程受到生物因素和非生物因素的共同影响。生物因素包括种子的传播方式、对原生环境的适应能力及物种之间的关系等,依靠风力传播、对裸地的极端环境具有较强适应能力的物种更容易成为原生裸地的早期定居者,某些微生物在植物的定居具有非常重要的作用。非生物因素则包括裸地表面的形状(凹、凸、平)、粗糙度、与岩石的距离等,一些特殊的微环境能够为植物的定居创造更为优越的水分、养分条件,促进植物的定居。植被原生演替是生物驱动因素与环境阻力相互作用的结果,二者的消长决定原生演替进行的模式。大量的研究表明,植被原生演替过程并不完全遵循地衣-苔藓-草本植物-木本植物的顺序,不同环境条件下的植被原生演替过程表现出明显的复杂性,这种复杂性与原生裸地环境条件的复杂性有关。该领域的研究将侧重于以下两个方面:早期定居种的适生特征(包括解剖的和生理的)以及各种微生物对植物定居过程的影响;各种非生物环境因素对植物定居的影响。
The paper reviewed the advances of researches on primary succession of vegetation. It is influenced by both biotic factors and abiotic factors. The former include the ways of seeds dispersal, the adaptation characters to exposed lands, relationships between species and so on. The species that transmit seeds by wind and adapt the environment of the primary lands more quickly can become the first colonizer of exposed lands, and some microbes play an important role in the colonization of plants. The latter include surface contour （concave, convex and plateau）, coarse, distance from a rocky habituate etc. Some micro sites are easy to colonize for plants because of its better conditions of water and nutrients. Primary succession is the result of interaction between BDF （biological driving forces） and ER （environmental resistances）, and the way in that the primary succession proceeds depends on the growth and decline in BDF and ER. More researches showed that the process of primary succession-lichen stage→ moss stage→herbaceous plants stage→ woody plants stage-is not the only way for some primary succession happened in different primary lands, and some complex characters in succession process have been found, which are related to complexity of ecological factors of primary lands. In the future, the following topics should be studied in detail. These include adaptation characters of early stage species to exposed lands, the influences of microbes and abiotic factors on colonization of plants.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第12期3383-3389,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(30230090)~~
关键词
植被
原生演替
生物因素
非生物因素
定居
vegetation
primary succession
biotic factors
abiotic factors
colonization
