摘要
目的分析广东省新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫效果,为制定广东省乙型肝炎疫苗免疫策略提供依据. 方法分析广东省1992～2003年乙型肝炎疫苗接种率、乙型肝炎发病率和人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率等资料. 结果乙肝疫苗1992年纳入计划免疫管理,2002年纳入计划免疫,新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫逐渐完善,1997年、2003年新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种率分别为73.6%、93.1%;1993～2003年乙型肝炎平均报告发病率为33.80/10万,从1993年的28.85/10万上升至2003年的33.00/10万,其中0～4岁组和5～9岁组分别由17.05/10万、26.10/10万下降至6.36/10万、6.72/10万;1～59岁人群HBsAg携带率由1992年的16.76%下降至2002年的13.28%,其中1～4岁组和5～9岁组分别由16.76%、19.14%降至4.86%、6.39%,10～59岁组变化不大. 结论实施新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫能显著地降低乙肝发病率和HBsAg携带率;今后在实施新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫的同时,应考虑开展对未接种过乙肝疫苗的儿童和重点人群进行乙肝疫苗免疫.
Objective To analyze the effect of hepatitis B vaccine to newborns and provide evidence for strategy of hepatitis B control in Guangdong province. Methods Collected and analyzed the data of hepatitis B vaccine coverage in newborns, hepatitis B incidence rate and incidence of HBsAg carriers in Guangdong from 1992 to 2003. Results Hepatitis B vaccine was brought into EPI administration in 1992 and into EPI formally in 2002. The coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns in 1997 and 2003 were 73.6% and 93.1% respectively. The average annual hepatitis B incidence was 33.80/100 000 and the incidence increased from 28.85/ 100 000 in 1993 to 33.00/100 000 in 2003, but the rates in 0 - 4 year group and 5 - 9 year group decresed from 17.05/100 000 and 26.10/100 000 to 6.36/100 000 and 6.72/100 000 respectively. The incidence of HBsAg carriers in 1 - 59 year group decreased from 16.76% in 1992 to 13.28% in 2002 and in 1 - 4 year group and 5 - 9 year group decreased from 16.76% and 19.14% to 4.86% and 6.39% respectively but in 10 - 59 year group was no significance change. Conclusion Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination is an effective measure for prevention hepatitis B infection. We should offer hepatitis B vaccine to unvaccinated children and high-risk groups as well as the newborns.
出处
《华南预防医学》
2005年第6期9-11,共3页
South China Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
婴儿
新生
肝炎疫苗
乙型
接种
Infant, newborn
Hepatitis B vaccines
Vaccination
