摘要
政治学是以国家政权或公共权力为主要研究对象的一门社会科学。政权问题,包括夺取政权(革命)和巩固政权(治国)。政治学既研究革命的理论和策略,也研究政权运作、施政为民的理论和策略。但两者矛盾的性质不同,解决的方式也不一样。当对立的阶级矛盾激化,爆发革命时,是用暴力方式解决矛盾;革命成功,并不能消灭矛盾,因为社会上不同利益的群体之间,群体与国家、社会之间,会因各种矛盾而不断失去平衡。保持和谐和稳定,就是要把这些矛盾不断摆平。但这时不是用暴力的方式,而是提倡妥协、维持稳定,以求得矛盾的化解和缓和。因此可以说政治学是一种摆平矛盾的科学或艺术。矛盾的对立和统一,是世界万物发展的普遍规律。所以和谐社会也不是静止的,一成不变的。和谐社会应该是一个不断克服矛盾的过程。随着矛盾的不断克服,国家社会才得以不断发展、前进。
Political science, a field of social sciences, mainly studies issues that center on national power and public power. Political issues include struggle for control of national power and consolidation of national power. Political science studies both revolutionary theories and strategies, and the theories and strategies for running a government and serving the people. The use of violence is needed when there are fierce class conflicts that lead to a revolution. There are still various kinds of conflicts once the revolution is over. The balance among different interest groups, and among people, government and society, is constantly broken because of the existence of various conflicts. To build a harmonious society is to promote compromise and stability in the dynamic society. The law of the unity of opposites exists universally. Political science in this sense is a science or art of resolving conflicts.
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第6期117-120,共4页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
政治学
对立统一规律
和谐社会
political science
the law of the unity of opposites
harmonious society
