摘要
The 26 years of economic and social reforms beginning from 1979 mark a period when the Chinese people were rewarded with remarkable achievements for their national efforts towards a modernized society, efforts that had gone on for a century and a half. It can be said without exaggeration that, with an annual GDP growth rate of more than 8% throughout these 26 years, the material wealth created by the Chinese nation during this period almost surpasses the sum total of that created in the preceding century. This period marks also a time when the social structure of China underwent its most rapid transformation. Drastic changes took place in the spheres both of social production and styles of life with incredible rapidity. However, the reforms also touched off nu- merous social problems at the same time. One of the more striking problems is that of social polarization, leading to antagonism and conflicts among different strata that threaten social harmony and stability.
本文分析了与社会和谐密切相关的中国社会分层结构的新近变化。作者认为,中国当前贫富分化比较明显,财富的集中化程度较高,分化的形势是比较严峻的。而贫富差距引发社会问题是通过两个环节实现的,即“社会结构紧张”和社会公众主观上产生了“公正失衡”的意识。中国阶层结构出现了定型化的倾向,阶层之间的界限逐渐形成,社会下层群体向上流动的比率下降,具有阶层特征的生活方式、文化模式也逐渐形成,阶层内部的认同得到强化。中产阶层有所发展,但总体上仍然比例较小。社会阶层、社会群体利益分化和多元化更为明显了,其基本的趋势是从过去的巨型、整体群体,分化为多元利益群体。而社会利益的碎片化有助于减小社会震动、实现社会稳定。
