摘要
现代汉语口语中常在主语位置出现一个“他”以指称其前出现的话题成分,这样的“他”所指代的话题成分可以是指人的,也可以是指人以外的其他有生物或无生物的,既可以是特指性的,也可以是通指性的,还可以指由动词性成分表示的抽象事件。这样的“他”的功能已超出了普通的第三人称代词的用法。这样的“他”在很多情况下是一个单纯的主语占位成分,可以称为“傀儡主语”。傀儡主语在口语中的广泛使用表明汉语口语中主语与话题的区分比起书面语来更为清晰,话题结构在口语中使用更广泛,主语在口语中具有更强的结构上的凸显性和必要性。
In spoken Mandarin, “ta （他）” often appears in the subject position to refer to the topic before it. The topic that is co-indexed with “ta（他）” can refer to human beings, non-human animate beings, inanimate concrete things or abstract things, and it can be specific or generic. This function of “ta （他）” is quite different from its usual use as a third person pronoun. It operates as a place-holder in the subject position, so it can be called “dummy subject”. It can make salient both the topic and the subject in meaning and structure respectively. The wide-spread use of the dummy subject“ta （他）” indicates two tendencies in spoken Mandarin comparing with written Mandarin： （ 1 ） The topic construction is more frequently used ; （2） The subject is structurally more necessary.
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第5期22-27,共6页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
