摘要
生态学的有害生物治理(EBPM)或生态管理(EPM)是新世纪农业有害生物防治的新对策。应用系统工程的原理和方法改变农田生态系统生物多样性,进行害虫生态控制将越来越受到人们的重视。通过农田生态系统生物多样性、调节农田生态系统多样性对天敌和害虫的影响以及生物多样性控制害虫的机制及生物多样性在害虫生态控制中的利用前景4个方面,论述农田生态系统生物多样性在害虫控制中的生态功能与机理。
Ecological pest management （EPM） is a new measure for preventing and controllng insect pests in agro-ecosystems in this century. It attracts more and more attention to prevent and control insect pests based on the principles and methods of systems engineering to change the biodiversity in agro-ecosystems. This paper discusses the ecological functions and mechanism of biodiversity of agro-ecosystems in preventing and controlling insect pests from four aspects including the biodiversity of agro-ecosystems, effects of regulating the biodiversity of agro-ecosystems on natural enemies and insect pests, mechanism of controlling insect pests by biodiversity, and application of controlling insect pests by biodiversity of agro-ecosystems. Based on the available theories and research achievements of ecology, it is considered that the biodiversity of agro-ecosystems can be increased and the control effects of natural enemies can be enhanced by taking following measures＂ （1） To rationally carry out the temporal and spatial distribution of crops so as to increase the diversity of crops; （2） To carry out the rotation of crops, spread the early-mature varieties, and lie fallow in rotation of lands; （3） to carry out the inlay growing of crops in small fields so as to provide natural enemies with habitats and foods： （4） To optimize the environment around farmlands and afforest the non-farming lands （including shelter-forests and orchards） so as to protect the stability of families of natural enemies; （5） To maintain the suitable density of crops or remain some ruderals with high endurance; （6） To grow crops in a mixed way so as to increase the genetic diversity of crops. Moreover, the local climatic and geographical conditions, vegetation types, crop varieties, insect species, etc. should be synthetically considered in working out the management measures of agro-ecosystems. The importance of using the biodiversity of agro-eeosystems for preventing and controlling insect pests is to recognize th
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第3期400-404,共5页
Arid Zone Research
基金
中国科学院知识创新重大项目(KZCX1-08-01)
中国科学院资助项目(K2CX2-40404)
国家863计划(2003AA209090)
关键词
农田生态系统
生物多样性
害虫
生态功能
agro-ecosystem
biodiversity, insect pest
ecological function
mechanism.
