摘要
日本的角膜接触镜历史可以追溯到 1 951年 ,美尼康公司的创始人 ,现任主席田中恭一先生成功地研制出日本第一枚角膜接触镜 ,那是一种不透氧的硬性角膜接触镜。1 96 0年 ,配戴舒适、具有亲水性和更好透氧性的软镜在捷克斯洛伐克出现了。而美尼康公司则继续致力于研究硬性高透氧角膜接触镜 (RGP) ,他们开发出含水量为 72 %的非离子软性角膜接触镜材料 ,同时他们研制了可以连续 30d配戴的RGP镜片 :美尼康Z ,并最先获得获得美国FDA认证。目前 ,在日本配戴角膜接触镜的人群大约有一千五百万 ,其中硬镜配戴者与软镜配戴者的比例为 4∶6。在日本RGP的高配戴率是因为日本的眼科医生让配戴者充分相信RGP镜片的安全保证。 1 990年日本开始生产抛弃型角膜接触镜。角膜接触镜的抛弃和频繁更换概念改变了人们对角膜接触镜传统的认识 ,很快就被大众所接受。但是 ,原本被人们认为是一种医疗器具的角膜接触镜变成了人们熟知的日用品 ,这导致了配戴者的依从性下降 ,超时配戴 ,甚至角膜缺氧的现象日益增加。于是 ,研究人员开始开发高透氧的硅水凝胶(SH)材料。在欧洲和美国 ,硅水凝胶材料的角膜接触镜已被批准可以连续配戴 30d。现在角膜接触镜的新功能体现在双焦点角膜接触镜和角膜屈光治疗镜 (CRT)上 。
The history of Japanese contact lenses (CL) goes back to 1951 when Kyoichi Tanaka,Menicon's founder and now Chairman,succeeded in developing Japan's 1st corneal CL,which was a hard CL without oxygen permeability. In 1960,a hydrophilic soft CL (SCL) with oxygen permeability and excellent wearing comfort was invented in Czechoslovakia. Menicon advanced the research of SCL while concentrating on developing a rigid material with high oxygen permeability (RGP). The company invented a non ionic SCL material with 72% water content and the world's first RGP CL to receive U.S. FDA approval for up to 30 day continuous wear (brand name:Menicon Z). The current CL wearer population in Japan is estimated to be approximately 15 million,and the ratio of RGP to SCL wearers is 4∶6. The reason for Japan's comparatively higher RGP ratio is that Japanese ophthalmologists have successfully secured the trust of CL wearers in the superiority of RGP in terms of safety. Disposable CL (Dispo CL) was introduced to Japan in 1990. The concept of discarding and replacing CL frequently overturned the traditional understanding of the product and proved hugely popular. This very success of the product,however,shifted the consumer perception of CL from serious medical device to miscellaneous daily use merchandise. This resulted in deteriorated compliance with the recommended modality,particularly in wearing the lenses longer than the recommended days. Moreover,the improper wearing of CL may cause corneal hypoxia. Researchers responded by gearing development toward a silicone hydrogel (SH) with higher oxygen permeability. Approval for 30 day continuous wear was granted to Silicon hydrogel lenses in europe and the united states. New CL functions that are currently attracting keen interest are bifocal CL for presbyopia and corneal refractive therapy (CRT) which improves the vision of the naked eye. In China,the CL wearer population,most of which are Dispo CL users,surged to over 10 million in an extremely short period of time. Menicon is con
出处
《眼视光学杂志》
2005年第1期62-66,共5页
Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology
