摘要
海水养殖和良种培育的生物技术研究与开发相建海（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛，２６６０７１）人类社会经历了农业化和工业革命两次浪潮，现正经受第三次浪潮的冲击。依据《第三次浪潮》作者Ａ．ＴＯＦＬＥＲ的观点，电子产业、空间产业、海洋产业和基因产业等产业群构成了...
A number of different biotechnology approaches are currently applied in marine aquaculture and to improve genetically the breeding stocks. The major applied fields are following: 1. Artificial production of the fine seeds of the more cultivated species in fish,shrimp,mollusc and alga with new technology, 2. Breeding of improved varieties by reproduction manipulations and genetic manipulations. Some examples of biotechnology approaches include the chromosome set manipulations to induce polyploid,gynogenesis or androgenesis;gene transfer techniques to introduce desirable traits into marine animals and seaweeds,and controlling of sex ratios in animals. 3. Establishment of the stock banks and development of the genetic marker technology. Cytoengineering culture of algae and cryopreservation of garnetes or embryos in animals are the developing important methods. Advances in biochemical and molecular methods, such as allozymes, mtDNA, RFLP,RAPD and PCR and so on, have greatly increased our ability to detect variability among individuals for specific gene products and/or genes themselves. Marker t.echnology is a powerful tool for identifying and/or selection of the stocks. 4. Diagnosis of diseases and their prevetion or cure, DNA probe and monoclonal antibodies are useful for improved diagnostics. The recombinant vaccines and SPF(Specific Pathogens Free)seeds will be expected to play more important roles for prevention from the diseases. 5. Formulation and manufacture of the high-effective diets. Various diet for different specific purposes have been'developed. The enriched living diets are very good for cultivated animals.
出处
《生物工程进展》
CSCD
1994年第6期30-34,共5页
Progress in Biotechnology
