2Maurice Duverge, Political Parties : their Organization and Activity in the Modern State, London: Methuen, 1964, p.32. 被引量：1
3A. Lawrence Lowell, Governments and Parties in Continental Europe, 1896. 被引量：1
4Robert michels, Political parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligachical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, New York:The Free Press, 1962, p.6. 被引量：1
5M. Ostrogoski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties, ed. & Abridged by S. M. Lipset, Tr. F. Clarke, Chicago:Quadrangle Books, 1964. 被引量：1
6Robert michels, Political Parties : A Sociological Study of the Oligachical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, New York:The Free Press, 1962. 被引量：1
7Maurice Duverge : Political Parties : their Organization and Activity in the modern State, London: Methuen, 1964. 被引量：1
8S. M. Lipset and S. Rokkan (eds), Pary System and Voter Alignments : Cross-National Perspectives, New York : The free Press, 1967, pp. 7 - 8, pp. 35 - 40. 被引量：1
9Joseph LaPalobara and Myron Weiner(eds), Political Parties and Political Development, Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1966, p.3. 被引量：1
10Giavani Sartori, Parties and Party System: A Framework for Analysis. Vol. I, Cambridge University Press, 1976. 被引量：1
